System and method for making personalized individual unit doses containing pharmaceutical actives

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for making and delivering personalized, medically prescribed pharmaceuticals to an individual patient are described. Individual unit doses (IUDs) of medicine may be prepared specific to the individual in need of same, by using a system, which includes a networked control system in combination with manufacturing assemblies specific to the IUDs and delivering the medicine to the patient directly from the manufacturer.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 62/688,107 filed on Jun. 21, 2018, U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 62/700,444 filed on Jul. 19, 2018, and U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application No. 62/729,051 filed on Sep. 10, 2018, the contentsof which are incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND Field

The present disclosure relates to systems and methods of makingpersonalized individual unit doses (IUDs) for delivering a prescribedamount of active to an individual. In particular, the present disclosurerelates to methods of tailoring the manufacture of IUDs in accordancewith an individual's prescription for a particular active and deliveringthe manufactured IUD to the patient.

Related Art

Currently, IUDs are available in various forms, including tablets,caplets, capsules, wafers, films, sheets, injectable pens, creams,ointments, gels and syringes, among others. The IUDs are typically madeby pharmaceutical manufacturers and contain dosages of an active oractives in accordance with the government-approved amounts and forgovernment-approved indications. Conventionally, an individual patient(human or other animal) is assessed by a medical professional and givena prescription for a particular treatment protocol. The prescription islimited to the dosage amounts, which are government approved and hencecommercially available. The patient proffers the prescription to alicensed prescription filler, such as a pharmacy, which carries aninventory of IUDs purchased from manufacturers. The prescription fillerfulfills the prescription for the individual patient. In some cases, theprescription is communicated directly to the prescription filler fromthe medical professional. In other instances, the IUDs are mailed to thepatient from the prescription filler.

Currently, prescriptions are fulfilled in compliance with thegovernment-approved dosage amounts, which in most cases is sufficientfor patients, but is not always the amount the medical professionalbelieves is proper for the patient, such as with off-label uses. Forexample, a medical professional may inform a patient to cut the IUD inhalf so that only half (or some other portion) of the active is consumedat any one time. Alternatively, the medical professional may instructthe patient to take a larger dosage than the approved amount for theparticular treatment. In some cases the medical professional mayprescribe a particular active and dose for a different medicalindication than for which the active is approved. Such off-label use andvariation in dose is currently done on a patient-by-patient basis, butwhat is lacking in the current method of fulfilling prescriptions is thecustomization (personalization) of the specific IUD to a specificindividual, as well as a more efficient and cost-effective way ofproducing IUDs personalized to the medical needs of an individualpatient. Also, currently, pharmacies are primarily dispensers of IUDs,although some pharmacies are licensed compounders, and are thuspermitted to provide certain compounding (combining of ingredientsincluding the active) of medications, particularly when two or moredrugs (actives) are to be incorporated into a prescription. In general,compounding is a practice in which a licensed pharmacist, a licensedphysician, or, in the case of an outsourcing facility, a person underthe supervision of a licensed pharmacist, combines, mixes, or altersingredients of a drug to create a medication tailored to the needs of anindividual patient. Compounding by pharmacists has obvious limitationsbecause of lack of manufacturing equipment, process knowledge, qualitycontrol, manufacturing facilities and know-how. Sometimes, the healthneeds of a patient cannot be met by an FDA-approved medication, forexample, if a patient has an allergy and needs a medication to be madewithout a certain component, e.g., dye; or if an elderly patient or achild can't swallow a pill and needs a medicine in a liquid form that isnot otherwise available. Moreover, compounded drugs are notFDA-approved. This means that FDA does not verify the safety, oreffectiveness of compounded drugs. Consumers and health professionalsrely on the drug approval process to ensure that drugs are safe andeffective and made in accordance with Federal quality standards.Compounded drugs also lack an FDA finding of manufacturing qualitybefore such drugs are marketed.

There is a need for a system of making to-order personalized IUDs, whichis efficient, less costly, and which maintains the good manufacturingand quality control standards currently required by governmentalagencies. There is also a need for a system and method for makingto-order personalized IUDs, which reduce or alleviate inventory, thusfurther reducing overhead and the costs associated therewith.

SUMMARY

A system is disclosed for creating one or more personalized individualunit doses (IUDs) comprising a prescribed amount of active for treatmentof an individual. The system comprising: an apparatus for making thepersonalized IUD, and a networked system configured to electronicallycommunicate health information measured from the individual. Theapparatus is used to make the IUD in accordance with the medicalprescription and is selected from the group consisting of a film formingassembly, a capsule-filling assembly, a tablet-forming assembly, atablet-coating assembly, a blending (mixing) assembly, a powder-formingassembly, a granulating assembly, a spray-drying assembly, an extruderassembly, a compounding assembly, a packaging assembly, a labelingassembly, an embossing assembly, a scoring assembly, a quality controlassembly and combinations thereof. The health information iselectronically communicated to a medical professional who determines amedical prescription that includes a prescribed amount of active in thepersonalized IUD. The networked system may include a processor, memorystorage and executable instructions; and at least one of a displaydevice, an alpha-numeric input device, a cursor control device, a driveunit, a machine-readable medium, and a signal generation device. Thesystem may also include a biometric measurement module that interfaceswith the individual. The biometric measurement module may include aninvasive device and/or non-invasive measurement device, or a combinationthereof.

In another aspect of this disclosure, there is provided a method ofproducing a personalized IUD containing an active for an individual.That method includes: a) obtaining biometric measurements relating tothe health of the individual; b) transmitting the biometric measurementsto a manufacturer of medical or prescription products; c) manufacturingthe IUD in accordance with a medical prescription specific to theindividual; and d) delivering the IUD made in accordance with themedical prescription to the individual. The method may further includethe step of electronically transmitting the biometric measurements ofthe individual to a medical professional authorized to write the medicalprescription, and/or electronically transmitting the medicalprescription to the manufacturer, prior to the step of manufacturing theIUD. Manufacturing the IUD may comprise using an apparatus and/or addingthe active to a carrier matrix. Manufacturing the IUD may include thestep of forming the IUD in one or more individual wells, and/or addingthe active to an already formed IUD. The IUD may be film, wafer,capsule, tablet, suspension, solution, ointment, patch, cream, gel,troche, ampule, vial, syrup, tincture, spirit, lozenge, balm, liniment,injection or any combination thereof. When it is a film, it may besingle-layered or multi-layered. The active may be in a first filmlayer, a second film layer or both. The active may be selected from thegroup consisting of: small molecules, macromolecules, biologics,microorganisms, allergens, enzymes, and combinations thereof.

Another aspect is a method for creating one or more personalizedindividual unit doses (IUDs) containing a prescribed amount of activefor distribution and administration to an individual. The methodcomprises the steps of: (a) providing a medical professional withpersonal health information of the individual; (b) prescribing by themedical professional, a medical prescription comprising an amount ofactive to be administered to the individual as determined, at least inpart, on the personal health information, the medical prescriptioncomprising a treatment regimen for administering a prescribed amount ofthe active per personalized individual unit dose (IUD); (c)electronically communicating at least a part of the medical prescriptionto a manufacturer of IUDs; (c) manufacturing the IUD using an apparatusfor making personalized IUDs; and (d) distributing the IUDs to theindividual.

Embodiments of the disclosed subject matter will become apparent fromthe following detailed description, which is to be read in connectionwith the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The following drawings are presented by way of example only and withoutlimitation, wherein like reference numerals, when used, indicatecorresponding elements throughout the several views, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system for making personalized individualunit doses (IUDs) to deliver a prescribed amount of active to anindividual;

FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for making personalized IUDs todeliver a prescribed amount of an active to an individual;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing at least a portion of an exemplarymachine in the form of a computing system configured to perform certainmethods disclosed herein;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a prescription fulfillment system forelectronically creating a prescription and filling the prescription bymanufacturing personalized IUDs according to the specification of theprescription; and

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for electronically creating aprescription and filling the prescription by manufacturing personalizedIUDs according to the specification of the prescription.

It is to be appreciated that elements in the figures are illustrated forsimplicity and clarity. Common but well-understood elements that areuseful in a commercially feasible embodiment are not necessarily shownin order to facilitate a less hindered view of the illustratedembodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure provides a system and method of manufacturingpersonalized IUDs by using a network-enabled control system to measure,communicate, produce and deliver IUDs specific to a prescriptionprovided to an individual. Thus, the individual, e.g. a patient, maytelecommunicate with a medical professional and measure, using medicaldevices, the biometrics as directed by the physician, various biometricsto allow the medical professional to diagnose a condition, treatment,regimen and/or medical prescription. The medical prescription is thencommunicated to a manufacturing facility, where the specific dosageforms and dosage amounts, i.e. IUDs, are made in accordance with theprescribed active, dosage form and dosage amount per IUD.

Thus in one aspect of this disclosure, there is provided a method ofproducing personalized IUDs directly from the manufacturer, meaning thatthe manufacturer is provided with the patient prescription informationand fulfills the prescription by manufacturing the IUDs according to thespecification of the prescription. The IUDs are personalized to theindividual and made to order. Thus the manufacturer IUDs may then beshipped to the pharmacy, medical professional, distributor or directlyto the patient. Communication(s) between the medical professional, IUDmanufacturer and individual patient may provide for modifications to theprescription and hence modifications in the manufacturing of the IUDs,as well as renewals to existing prescriptions and IUD manufacturing.

The system and method of manufacturing personalized IUDs disclosedherein solves the problems in the art described above. Accordingly tothis disclosure, personalized IUDs may be sent directly to a patientfrom a manufacturer (or distributor of the manufacturer), therebyimproving efficiency and costs, as well as appropriating other benefits.

Furthermore, the present disclosure allows for the tracking of apatients prescription fulfillment history, whereby the manufacturer candirectly communicate via the network-enabled control system with thepatient and/or the medical professional for continued treatment, eitherthe same or modified treatment.

FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a system 10 for making personalizedindividual unit doses (IUDs) to deliver a prescribed amount of active toan individual 12. The system 10 according to the present inventiongenerally includes an apparatus 13 operated by an IUD manufacturer 26for making the personalized IUDs, a network-enabled control system 18configured to electronically communicate health information measuredfrom the individual 12, and optionally a biometric measurement module14, 16 that interfaces with the individual 12.

Biometric information is measured, obtained, and/or collected from theindividual 12 using a wearable biometric measurement module 14 and/or anon-wearable biometric measurement module 16. Alternatively, biometricinformation may be directly entered into the computer by the individual12, or the medical professional 20 may receive the biometric informationvisually through the network, e.g., the medical professional 20 mayobserve the patient via the network-enabled control system 18. Thebiometric information is thus provided to the network-enabled controlsystem 18 for processing and distribution. The processed biometricinformation is then provided to a medical professional 20. The medicalprofessional 20, optionally has access to a patient database 22 and/or amedical information database 24. The network-enabled control system 18has access to the patient database 22 so that patient-specificinformation can be utilized during processing of the biometricinformation. Further detail regarding the network-enabled control system18 is shown in FIG. 3 , which provides a block diagram of one embodimentof the network-enabled control system 18.

Once the biometric information of the individual 12 is collected andprocessed, the medical professional 20 may provide a prescription to theIUD manufacturer 26 based on information obtained from thenetwork-enabled control system 18, patient database 22, and/or medicalinformation database 24, as well as the processed biometric information.Using the network-enabled control system 18, the IUD manufacturer 26uses the prescription obtained from the medical professional 20 tomanufacture the IUDs, which can be in any form, non-limiting examples ofwhich include a film 28, tablet 30, capsule 32, injection 34, patch 36,and/or other dosage form 38. The film 28, tablet 30, capsule 32,injection 34, patch 36, and/or other dosage form 38 are then provided tothe user 12, desirably in appropriate packaging and desirably labelledappropriately with the active name, e.g., drug name, as well as thedose, i.e., the amount of drug present in the IUD, commonly referred toas the “labelled amount”, and instructions for use, e.g., how often thedose is to be taken, with or without food, precautions to be taken orother important/useful instructions.

For packaging and delivery of IUDs, the IUD manufacturer 26 mayseparately package each manufactured IUD for the individual 12 or mayco-pack (package together) a plurality of IUDs that are manufacturedbased on one or more prescriptions specific to the individual 12. Theco-packing method may consolidate all medications that the individual 12is prescribed during a given period of time, thus, providing an easy andconvenient delivery and compliance option for the individual 12, who maybe required to take one or more medications at different time intervals,e.g., morning, evening, daily, weekly, biweekly, bimonthly, andcombinations thereof. Co-packing may include separate packaging unitswith IUDs, which may be more than one type of drug, for each day or fora designated dosage protocol. For example, the patient 12 may berequired to take two medications concurrently, but at differentfrequencies, i.e., one medication daily and the other medication weekly.In order to assist the individual 12 to correctly follow the medicationinstructions and properly comply with prescription protocol, eachmanufactured IUD may include indicia, such as a color-code, on itspackaging which contains the medication instructions. For example, adaily IUD's pouch may be red-colored whereas a weekly IUD's pouch may beblue-colored.

Alternatively, a scannable code technology, such as a QR code, may beimplemented to provide appropriate medication information andinstructions for each packaged IUD, or for each IUD per se (i.e., thecode is printed or embossed on the IUD itself). The QR code may storeany encrypted or non-encrypted information or data related to theindividual 12, manufactured IUDs, and medication instructions, such asindividual's name, IUD manufacturer, drug name, labelled amount,frequency of medication (e.g., once daily, twice daily, once weekly,etc.), when-to-take information (e.g., before or after meal), dosage,etc. This QR code (not shown) may be printed on each pouch of themanufactured IUDs, or on the IUDs themselves, before delivery and can bescanned by the mobile device 15 of the individual 12 to direct themobile device 15 to easily and conveniently display information storedin the QR code to the mobile device 15. The mobile device 15 isinstalled with an application program capable of scanning andrecognizing two dimensional barcodes of the QR code. The QR code allowsthe individual 12 to repeatedly retrieve the medication information andinstructions of the IUD as long as the QR code is not damaged.

FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of a method of making personalized IUDs todeliver a prescribed amount of active to an individual 12. Adetermination of whether a valid prescription is made in step 41. If avalid prescription does not exist, biometric measurement data isobtained from the individual in step 42, and transmitted to the medicalprofessional 20 in step 44 using, for example, the wearable and/ornon-wearable biometric measurement module 14, 16 and network-enabledcontrol system 18. The biometric measurement data may alternatively beinput by the individual 12 and/or observed by the medical professional20. The prescription may be prepared by the medical professional 20based on the biometric information in step 46, and optionally based oninformation obtained from the patient database 22, and/or medicalinformation database 24. Then, in step 47, insurance membership andcoverage (e.g., copayment, deductible, etc.) of the individual 12 may beverified and determined by an insurance provider 17. In addition to theverification of the individual's 12 insurance membership/status, thestep 47 allows the insurance provider 17 to process bills and/or claimsonce the prescription is prepare by the medical professional 20. Theprescription may be then transmitted, desirably electronically, to theIUD manufacturer 26 in step 48. The IUD is manufactured via the IUDmanufacturing apparatus 13 based on active and dose protocols in theprescription in step 50, and delivered to the individual in film 28,tablet 30, capsule 32, injectable form 34, patch 36, and/or other dosageform 38 in step 52. If a valid prescription does exist as determined instep 41, the process proceeds to step 48. Following step 52, the processreturns to step 41 to again determine whether there is a validprescription.

In another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 4 shows aprescription fulfillment system 11 capable of collecting, analyzing, andprocessing information and data to assist in electronically creating aprescription and filling the prescription by manufacturing personalizedIUDs according to the specification of the prescription.

The present embodiment is described below with reference to flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatuses (systems),and computer program products according to the embodiment. It will beunderstood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or blockdiagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrationsand/or block diagrams, may be implemented by computer programinstructions.

Providing such computer program instructions to the “server,” “device,”“computing device,” “general purpose computer,” “computer device,”“system,” or “specialized computing device” causes a machine to produceexecutable programs, such that when executed, they create means forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks. These computer program instructions may also bestored in a computer-readable medium that may direct a computing deviceor other programmable data processing apparatus to function in aparticular manner, such that the instructions stored in thecomputer-readable medium produce an article of manufacture includinginstruction means which implement the function/act specified in theflowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.

The present embodiment is not necessarily limited to any particularnumber, type or configuration of processors, nor to any particularprogramming language, memory storage format or memory storage medium.

As used herein, a “participant” refers to a patient 12, medicalprofessional 20, insurance provider 17, or IUD manufacturer 26. A“patient” refers generally to a prescription recipient; a “medicalprofessional” refers generally to a treating physician or other medicalprofessional who is authorized to issue a prescription to a plurality ofpatients; an “insurance provider” refers generally to an insurancebenefit plan provider; and an “IUD manufacturer” refers generally to aprescription drug manufacturer/provider.

The prescription fulfillment system 11 is designed and configured suchthat each participant (patient 12, medical professional 20, insuranceprovider 17, and IUD manufacturer 26) involved in the process of writinga prescription, authorizing insurance coverage, and manufacturingpersonalized IUDs according to the present invention may access andutilize the prescription fulfillment system 11 to perform necessarytasks for completing the process for electronically creating aprescription and filling the prescription by manufacturing personalizedIUDs according to the specification of the prescription.

The prescription fulfillment system 11 leverages both the biometricmeasurement information data obtained and collected from the patient 12and various medical and health related information stored in the medicalinformation database 24 to allow the medical professional 20 toelectronically formulate and process prescriptions and thereby, allowingthe IUD manufacturer 26 to precisely produce the personalized IUDs basedon the specification of the prescription.

The prescription fulfillment system 11 provides several benefits to thepatient 12. More particularly, the prescription fulfillment system 11provides the patient 12 with easy and convenient ways to view and managepatient's prescriptions and medications by providing a comprehensivelist of patient's medications, a comprehensive list of patient'sprescriptions, information related to each medication, informationrelated to each prescription, medication instructions, delivery statusof manufactured IUDs, etc. The prescription fulfillment system 11 alsoprovides IUDs which are made and tailored (personalized) specificallyfor the individual patient in accordance with the prescription anddelivered to the patient 12. In addition to the time and convenienceaspects of the process and system 11 described in this disclosure, thepersonalized IUDs may be manufactured to ensure a higher level ofpatient safety because they are made taking into account a patient'smedical history.

The prescription fulfillment system 11 provides benefits to the medicalprofessional 20 as well. More particularly, the prescription fulfillmentsystem 11 provides an easy and convenient way for the medicalprofessional 20 to formulate and prescribe prescriptions by utilizing aplurality of modules configured in the network-enabled control system 18and the comprehensive information stored in a plurality of databases. Inaddition, the prescription fulfillment system 11 acts as a centralrepository where all the electronic prescriptions are saved and storedsuch that the medical professional 20 may easily retrieve prescriptionsor any particular prescription. Each of the plurality of modules andeach of the plurality of databases will be discussed in greater detailbelow.

Referring again to FIG. 4 , the prescription fulfillment system 11generally includes a network-enabled control system 18, a databasemanagement system 19 operatively linked to the network-enabled controlsystem 18, a front-end application 21, and optionally a biometricmeasurement module 14, 16 that interfaces with the patient 12 and isoperatively linked to the network-enabled control system 18. Thedatabase management system 19 is configured to manage a plurality ofdatabases, including, but not limited to, a user account database 23, apatient database 22, a medical information database 24, a prescriptiondatabase 25, an insurance information database 27, and an alertnotification database 29. While in the depicted embodiment in FIG. 4shows one database management system 19, the prescription fulfillmentsystem 11 may be designed and configured to include more than onedatabase management system. Thus, alternately, each of the plurality ofdatabases 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29 may be separately managed by individualdatabase management system 19.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , the network-enabled control system 18includes one or more processing devices 104 or computing processingunits (CPUs) 104. The one or more CPUs 104 may includeapplication-specific circuitry including the operative capability toexecute the prescribed operations integrated therein, for example, anapplication specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and/or microprocessor.The one or more CPUs 104 are configured to interface with the pluralityof databases 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29 in the database management system19. The CPUs 104 are operative to act on a program or set ofinstructions stored in the database management system 19. Execution ofthe program or set of instructions configured in the database managementsystem 19 causes one of the CPUs 104 to carry out tasks such as locatingdata, retrieving data, processing data, etc. In addition, the one ormore CPUs 104 can execute the plurality of modules (biometricmeasurement processing module 31, prescription processing module 33,insurance processing module 35, and alert notification processing module37) configured in the network-enabled control system 18, The pluralityof modules 31, 33, 35, 37 may be executed to collect, analyze, andprocess information to assist in creating a prescription and filling theprescription by manufacturing IUDs according to the specification of theprescription.

The user account database 23 may be configured to store informationassociated with the participants 12, 17, 20, 26 of the prescriptionfulfillment system 11. As stated above, the participants of theprescription fulfillment system 11 are all parties involved inprescribing and filling the prescriptions such as patients 12, medicalprofessionals 20, insurance providers 17, and IUD manufacturers 26.Non-limiting examples of such information stored in the user accountdatabase 23 are name, address, contact phone number, contact emailaddress, and participant type. The participant type is an attribute(indicator) for determining which portions of the prescriptionfulfillment system 11 they may be allow to access. For example, if theparticipant type is a patient, the patient can view and track theprescription but would be restricted from creating a prescription. Theuser account information may be provided by each participant via thefront-end application 21.

The patient database 22 is configured to store information associatedwith the patient 12. Non-limiting examples of such information arepatient's demographic profile, biometric measurement information,patient's medical history, and family medical history. The patient'sdemographic profile includes all information relevant to the patient 12such as name, age, gender, address, phone number, email address, etc.Medical history includes all pertinent medical history of the patient 12such as treating medical professional information, currentprescriptions, allergies, past and current medical conditions, familymedical history, etc. The information stored in the patient database 22may be provided by the patient 12 and/or treating medical professional20 via the front-end application 21.

The insurance information database 27 is configured to store informationassociated with the insurance provider 17 and insurance benefit plan ofthe patient 12. Non-limiting examples of such information are primaryinsurance provider name, primary insurance provider address, primaryinsurance plan, primary insurance group number, primary insurancecopayment information, primary insurance deductible information, primaryinsurance contact phone number, primary insurance contact email,secondary insurance provider name, secondary insurance provider address,secondary insurance plan, secondary insurance group number, secondaryinsurance copayment information, secondary insurance deductibleinformation, primary insurance contact phone number, and primaryinsurance contact email. The insurance information may be provided bythe insurance provider 17 and/or the patient 12 via the front-endapplication 21.

The medical information database 24 is configured to store necessaryinformation for the medical professional 20 to formulate diagnosis,treatment, and/or prescription. Non-limiting examples of the informationstored in the medical information database 24 are disease information,symptom information, and treatment information for various diseases.

The prescription database 25 is configured to store prescriptioninformation provided by the medical professional 20 and electronicprescriptions generated via the prescription fulfillment system 11.Non-limiting examples of the information stored in the prescriptiondatabase 25 are drug name, dosage, amount, refill authorization, refillavailability, and patient information.

The alert notification database 29 is configured to store detailsassociated with various alert notifications that may be generated by theprescription fulfillment system 11 and transmitted to variousparticipants 12, 17, 20, 26. Non-limiting examples of the informationstored in the alert notification database 27 are alert sent date, sendername, recipient name, alert message, and user type.

The plurality of databases 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29 may be configured withany database type such as a relational database, a distributed database,an object database, an object-relational database, NoSQL database, etc.In addition, two or more of the databases 22, 23, 24, 27, 29 may becombined.

The database management system 19 may be of any electronic,non-transitory form configured to manage the plurality of databases 22,23, 24, 25, 27, 29. The database management system 19 may reside on thesame or different computing device from the CPUs 104. The databasemanagement system 19 may include MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, SQLite,Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, SAP HANA, dBASE, FoxPro, IBM DB2,LibreOffice Base, FileMaker Pro, Microsoft Access, and InterSystemsCache. All or a portion of the database management systems 19 may bemaintained by a third party and/or configured as cloud storage.

As stated above, the prescription fulfillment system 11 also includesthe front-end application 21. The front-end application 21 may beinstalled on the participant's computing device 39 for viewing andmanaging data/information and communicating between the participants 12,17, 20, 26 of the prescription fulfillment system 11. Thus, thefront-end application 19 may be configured to provide for outputtinginformation to the participants 12, 17, 26. More specifically, thefront-end application 21 is provided with a graphical user interface(GUI) configured to be displayed on a display device, printer-readyoutput, display-ready output, and/or audible output. The front-endapplication 21 may be operatively linked to the network-enabled controlsystem 18 through a network, such as a network 43 of global computers(e.g., the Internet).

The front-end application 21 may be implemented as a stand-aloneapplication on both a web-based platform (online/Internet webapplication) and mobile-based platform (mobile application) such thatthe participants 12, 17, 20, 26 may access it over the Internet using acomputing device 39 which includes a display and an input deviceimplemented therein. Non-limiting examples of computing devices includea personal computer (laptop or desktop), mobile phone (smartphones),tablets, personal digital assistants (PDA), or other similar devices.The computer devices will typically access the prescription fulfillmentsystem 11 directly through an Internet service provider (ISP) orindirectly through another network interface.

As stated above, the participants 12, 17, 20, 26 of the prescriptionfulfillment system 11 are the patient 12, medical professional 20,insurance provider 17, and IUD manufacturer 26. The prescriptionfulfillment system 11 is designed and configured to determine the usertype when a participant logs into the prescription fulfillment system 11with the authentication credentials established (e.g., username andpassword). Once the user type is determined with a successful login, theprescription fulfillment system 11, according to the embodiment of thepresent invention, displays information/data that are pertinent to theparticular participant type and provides necessary features to performtasks. For example, all participants 12, 17, 20, 26 may view theprescriptions associated with the patient 12, but a prescription may beprocessed and created by only the medical professional 20 via theprescription fulfillment system 11.

With reference to FIG. 5 , a process for electronically creating aprescription and filling the prescription by manufacturing IUDsaccording to the specification of the prescription is described in theflowchart. The process includes the steps of electronically creating aprescription based on information provided by the medical professional20, determining whether to proceed to fill the prescription, verifyingpatient's insurance plan and determining coverage of the medicationsprescribed in the prescription based on the patient's insurance plan,manufacturing IUDs based on the prescription by the IUD manufacturer 26,and delivering the manufactured IUDs to the patient 12. All of thesesteps will be performed using the prescription fulfillment system 11according to the present invention. These steps will be described ingreater detail below.

The medical professional 20 may utilize the prescription fulfillmentsystem 11 to formulate, manage, and track prescriptions for a pluralityof patients and communicate data and information (e.g., prescriptions)with other participants of the prescription fulfillment system 11. Forexample, once the medical professional 20 is authenticated and loggedinto the prescription fulfillment system 11 via the front-endapplication 21, the medical professional 20 may access a prescriptiongeneration page 49 to manage (view, update, and/or delete) anypreviously created prescriptions that are stored in the prescriptionfulfillment system 11.

In addition, the medical professional 20 may electronically prescribemedications and electronically create a prescription for the patient 12via the prescription generation page 49 in step 56. However, beforeprescribing medications, the medical professional 20 may need to reviewinformation stored in the plurality of databases 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29that are pertinent to the patient 12. To conveniently provide andretrieve the information associated with the patient 12, a patientsearch feature is provided on the prescription generation page 49 forthe medical professional 20 to initiate a patient search to retrieve allinformation related to the patient 12 before electronically prescribingmedications. Non-limiting examples of the patient-specific informationare patient's demographic information (e.g., name, age, sex, date ofbirth, address, etc.), medical history including current medicalconditions (e.g., existing symptoms, allergies, and diseases),comprehensive biometric measurement information, including DNAinformation, collected from the patient 12 and processed by thebiometric measurement processing module 31, prescription history, andfamily medical history.

Once the patient search is completed, a selectable list of drugs mayalso be provided along with the patient-specific information. The drugsincluded in the drug list are retrieved according to the patient'scurrent medical conditions, biometric measurement information obtainedand collected from the patient 12, and information in the medicalinformation database 24 that are pertinent to the biometric measurementinformation, for which the drugs may be effective in treating thepatient 12. Then, the medical professional 20 may navigate the drug listand select/deselect one or more drugs that may be most effective intreating the patient 12.

The prescription generation page 49 also provides an input field and/ora drop-down list for the medical professional 20 to manually enterand/or select any information that is necessary for the IUD manufacturer26 to fill the prescription, such as dosage rate and amount for eachselected drug, refill authorization, refill availability, etc.Furthermore, the medical professional 20 may manually enter medicationinstructions (e.g., dosage, frequency, before/after meal instruction,etc.) for the patient 12, which may be retrieved via the mobile device15 to guide the patient 12 before taking the medications, as describedabove in connection with the system 10 for making personalized IUDs.

Alternatively, if the medical professional 20 believes that the druglist does not include the most effective drug to treat the patient 12,the medical professional 20 may provide one or more drugs by manuallytyping in the drug names or some other drug identifiers on theprescription generation page 49.

An IUD manufacturer may be determined and assigned depending on whetherthe selected/entered drug by the medical professional 20 is a brand namedrug or a generic drug. If the selected/entered drug is determined to bea brand name drug, the manufacturer of the selected/entered brand namedrug may be automatically assigned via the prescription processingmodule 33 to make the personalized IUDs based on the specification ofthe prescription. Whereas, if the selected/entered drug is determined tobe a generic drug, the medical professional may assign an IUDmanufacturer that may be best suited to produce the selected/enteredgeneric drug.

Once the medical professional 20 has selected and entered allinformation necessary for electronically generating the prescription andbefore submitting the information to the prescription fulfillment system11 via the front-end application 21, the prescription fulfillment system11 may validate the prescription information provided by the medicalprofessional 20. Specifically, the prescription processing module 33 isutilized to determine if all required prescription information have beenprovided by the medical professional 20 and if all the prescriptioninformation have been selected and entered correctly by the medicalprofessional 20.

If all of the prescription information provided by the medicalprofessional 20 contain no errors and are validated by the prescriptionprocessing module 33, the information are transmitted and processed forstoring in the prescription database 25 in the database managementsystem 19. Then, the prescription may be electronically generated viathe prescription processing module 33 of the networked-enabled controlsystem 18 and, upon request, may be displayed via the front-endapplication 21.

In step 58, once the new prescription is electronically created by theprescription fulfillment system 11, a new prescription alertnotification may be automatically generated and transmitted to thepatient 12 via an alert notification module 37 of the network-enabledcontrol system 18. The new prescription alert notification informs thepatient 12 that the new prescription has been created and is ready to bereviewed by the patient 12.

The patient 12 may log into the prescription fulfillment system 11 viathe front-end application 21 to access a patient page 51 to convenientlyview and track all of the patient's prescriptions and medications.Specifically, the patient page 51 displays a comprehensive selectablelist of the patient's prescriptions, including the new or unfulfilledprescription, a comprehensive selectable list of the patient'smedications, and delivery status of all manufactured personalized IUDsfor the patient 12. The patient page 51 may include a search featurewhich allows the patient 12 to search the list of medications by amedication attribute such as current medications, past medications, IUDmanufacturer, specific medication, etc. Once the patient 12 narrows thelist of medications, the patient 12 may navigate and select a specificmedication to retrieve medication information and medicationinstructions provided by the medical professional 20. This is analternative method to the QR code method described above in connectionwith the system 10 of making personalized individual unit doses (IUDs),for the patient 12 to review the medication instructions before takingthe personalized IUDs.

The patient page 51 may also be utilized to search the list of thepatient's prescriptions to display prescriptions by a prescriptionattribute such as unfulfilled prescriptions, fulfilled prescriptions,prescriptions prescribed by the medical professional 20, specificprescription, etc. Thus, in order for the patient 12 to review thealerted new prescription, the patient 12 may search the list of theprescriptions to display only the unfulfilled prescriptions.

The patient page 51 may further include a status indicator for eachprescription displayed on the page 51 that allows the patient 12 toupdate the status of each prescription. For example, depending on theaction of the patient 12 on the patient page 51, the status of theprescription may be updated to “review initiated”, “proceed to fill” or“not to fill”.

In step 60, the patient 12 may review the alerted new prescription viathe front-end application 21 and decide whether to proceed to fill thealerted new prescription. If the patient 12 decides not to proceed withthe prescription, in step 62, a not-to-fill prescription alertnotification may be automatically generated and transmitted via thealert notification module 37 to the medical professional 20, informingthat the patient 12 has decided not to proceed to fill the alerted newprescription.

If the patient 12 decides to proceed to fill the alerted newprescription, in step 64, an IUD manufacturing process alertnotification may be automatically generated and transmitted via thealert notification module 37 to the IUD manufacturer 26 to initiateproduction of personalized IUDs based on the alerted new prescription.

Concurrently, in step 66, the prescription fulfillment system 11 maydetermine, via the insurance processing module 35, if the patient 12 isenrolled in an insurance benefit plan offered by the insurance provider17, based on the information stored in the insurance informationdatabase 27 in the database management system 19.

If the insurance processing module 35 determines that the patient 12 isnot enrolled in the insurance benefit plan, in step 68, a no-insurancealert notification may be automatically generated and transmitted viathe alert notification module 37 to inform the IUD manufacturer 26 thatthe patient 12 has no insurance plan. Also, the no-insurance alertnotification may instruct the IUD manufacturer 26 to process and send aninvoice directly to the patient 12.

When the insurance processing module 35 determines that the patient 12is enrolled in the insurance benefit plan, in step 70, an insurancealert notification may be automatically generated and transmitted, viathe alert notification module 37, to instruct the insurance provider 17to initiate a process to verify the insurance plan and determine thecoverage of the medications prescribed in the alerted new prescriptionbased on the patient's insurance plan.

Using the patient page 51, the patient 12 may also easily manage theexisting prescriptions that need to be refilled. As stated above, whenthe patient 12 selects a prescription, prescription details, includingrefill authorization and refill availability, are retrieved anddisplayed on the patient page 51. Thus, if the selected prescription isauthorized to be refilled and the refill is available, the patient 12may simply transmit a refill alert notification via the alertnotification module 37 to the IUD manufacturer 26 to create personalizedIUDs based on the specification of the prescription. However, if neitherthe prescription is authorized to be refilled nor the refill isavailable, the patient 12 may transmit a refill request alertnotification via the alert notification module 37 to the medicalprofessional 20 to request a new prescription. In this case, the medicalprofessional 20 may simply process a new prescription via theprescription fulfillment system 11 or may require the patient totransmit current biometric measurement information via the wearableand/or non-wearable biometric measurement modules 14, 16 and/or requestthe patient to visit the medical professional's office to evaluatepatient's current medical conditions before processing a newprescription.

The insurance provider 17 may log into the prescription fulfillmentsystem 11 via the front-end application 21 and access a patientprescription page 53 to view and track all prescriptions for thepatients who are enrolled in the insurance benefit plans offered by theinsurance provider 17.

Specifically, the patient prescription page 53 may display acomprehensive selectable list of the patients' prescriptions, includingnew or unfulfilled prescriptions. Similar to the patient page 51, thepatient prescription page 53 includes a search feature which allows theinsurance provider 17 to narrow the list and display prescriptions by aprescription attribute such as new prescription, fulfilled prescription,prescriptions prescribed by the medical professional prescriptions forthe patient 12, specific prescription, etc. Thus, in order for theinsurance provider 17 to determine the coverage of the medicationsprescribed in the alerted new prescription of the patient 12, theinsurance provider 17 may filter the list of the prescriptions toinclude only the new prescriptions.

When the insurance provider 17 selects one of the new prescriptions fromthe filtered list, patient-specific information, insurance information,and prescription information related to the selected prescription aredisplayed. Non-limiting examples of the patient-specific information,insurance information, and prescription information are patient's name,address, insurance provider name, insurance plan, drug names, and refillauthorization.

Then, in step 72, the insurance provider 17 may compare the medicationcharges with the terms of the patient's insurance benefit plan andcoverage, and prepares, via the insurance processing module 35, apreliminary amount report that includes the amount that the patient owes(e.g., deductibles and copayments if applicable), as well as the amountthat the insurance provider 17 is financially responsible for. Aninsurance coverage alert notification is then generated and transmittedvia an alert notification module 37 of the network-enabled controlsystem 18 to the patient 12 in step 74, informing the preliminary amountreport is saved and stored in the prescription fulfillment system 11 forthe patient 12 to view via the front-end application 21.

The patient prescription page 53 may further include a status indicatorfor each prescription displayed on the page 53 that allows the insuranceprovider 17 to update the status of the prescription. For example,depending on the activity of the insurance provider 17 on the patientprescription page 53, the status of the prescription may be updated to“insurance coverage analysis initiated”, “insurance coverage analysiscompleted”, “preliminary amount report initiated”, or “preliminaryamount report initiated”.

The IUD manufacturer 26 may also login into the prescription fulfillmentsystem 11 via the front-end application 21 and access a prescriptionfulfillment page 55 to view and manage (update) all prescriptions thatare assigned to the IUD manufacturer 26. Specifically, the prescriptionfulfillment page 55 displays a comprehensive selectable list of all theassigned prescriptions, including new or unfulfilled prescriptions thatare stored in the prescription fulfillment system 11. Similar to thepatient page 51 and patient prescription page 53, the prescriptionfulfillment page includes a search feature that allows the IUDmanufacturer 26 to narrow the list by a prescription attribute such asfulfilled prescriptions, unfulfilled prescriptions, prescriptionsprescribed by the medical professional 20, prescriptions for the patient12, etc. Thus, in order to manufacture personalized IUDs and fill thealerted new prescription, the IUD manufacturer 26 may filter the list ofthe assigned prescriptions to only display the unfulfilledprescriptions.

When the IUD manufacturer 26 selects the alerted new prescription fromthe filtered list, patient-specific information and prescriptioninformation related to the selected prescription are displayed so thatthe IUD manufacturer 26 may be able to manufacture the IUDs according tothe specification of the alerted new prescription. Non-limiting examplesof the patient-specific information and prescription information arepatient's name, address, allergies, drug names, dosage and amount, andmedication instructions provided by the medical professional 20.

After the IUD manufacturer 26 fills the alerted new prescription bymanufacturing the personalized IUDs, in step 76, the IUD manufacturer 26proceeds to package the manufactured personalized IUDs and validate thatevery manufacturing process has been complied and performed correctlybefore shipping them directly to the patient 12.

In step 78, a delivery alert notification may be automatically generatedand transmitted to the patient 12, medical professional 20, andinsurance provider 26 via the alert notification module 37, informingthe shipment of the personalized IUDs and expected arrival date.

For packaging and delivery, the prescription fulfillment system 11 mayimplement the same features and methods as described above in connectionwith the system 10 of making personalized IUDs.

The prescription fulfillment page 55 may further include a statusindicator for each prescription displayed on the page 55 that allow theIUD manufacturer 17 to update the status of the prescription. Forexample, depending on the activity on the prescription fulfillment page55, the status of the prescription may be updated to “productioninitiated”, “production completed”, “packaging initiated”, “packagingcompleted”, and “IUDs shipped”.

Biometric Measurements and Devices

The system for creating one or more personalized individual unit doses(IUDs) 10 and prescription fulfillment system 11 may use a wide varietyof measurement tools to provide the necessary information for a medicalprofessional to formulate a one or more of a diagnosis, treatment,regimen and prescription. The network-enabled control system 18 usesbiometric measuring instruments to take measurements in accordance withinstruction from the medical professional and to communicate thesemeasurements via the control network to the medical professional. Forexample, in one aspect of this disclosure, an individualtelecommunicates, e.g., using live video conferencing, to allow themedical professional to evaluate the individual's current condition andperform a virtual exam. The medical professional may conduct anexamination in a similar fashion to an in-office exam, asking theappropriate questions necessary for a medical diagnosis, and mayinstruct the patient to take certain measurements using availableequipment, such as availing him or herself of the biometric module(s).The medical professional may request results of the measurements to beinput and sent via a computer device, communicated by direct observationof the medical professional, or orally communicated by the patient tothe medical professional. Regardless of the means of receiving themedical data from the patient, the medical professional is able todetermine a diagnosis or at least make a medical finding sufficient torecommend one or more of, a course of treatment, regimen and/orprescribe an appropriate prescription of IUDs.

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defines biometricscreenings as the measurement of physical characteristics such asheight, weight, BMI, blood pressure, blood cholesterol, blood glucose,and aerobic fitness that can be taken outside of a medicalprofessional's office or hospital, for example at the home or aworksite, and which may be used as a stand-alone or part of a healthassessment. The use of biometrics in the present personalization systemis to allow the streamline the process of an individual patient'smedical assessment and fast, efficient and cost effective production anddelivery of the prescribed IUD directly to those in need. Suchefficiency further serves to lower the overall costs of medical care ona patient-to-patient basis, allows for a minimum of inventory, and hencea minimum of shelf life.

The networked-enabled control system desirably includes a processor,memory storage, and executable instructions, as further shown in FIG. 3. Optionally, the system includes one or more of a display device (s),an alpha-numeric input device(s), a cursor control device(s), a driveunit(s), a machine-readable medium(s) device(s) and a signal generationdevice(s). The biometric measurement devices desirably, but notnecessarily, interface with the processor, to facilitate the transfer ofbiometric measurements, although manual input of the measurement datacollected and/measured using the biometric measurement device is alsocontemplated. A software program and forms designed to provide atemplate for entering data and information useful for the medicalprofessional may also be included as part of the system.

The biometric measurement module may include an invasive device and/ornon-invasive measurement device, or a combination thereof. The biometricmeasurement module may include a device selected from the groupconsisting of acoustical instruments, visual instruments, tactileinstruments, chemical instruments, biological instruments, electricalinstruments, thermal instruments and combinations thereof. The biometricmeasurement module may include a device selected from the groupconsisting of cameras, video scopes, illumination systems, colorimeters,spirometers, holter monitors, vital sign monitors, signal monitors,sensors, ultrasound probes, machines which measure electric signals fromthe body, blood chemistry instruments, blood flow measurement devices,blood content measurement devices, thermal measurement devices andcombinations thereof. The biometric measurement module may include adevice selected from the group consisting of electroencephalogram (EEG)machines, electrocardiogram (EKG) machines, electromyogram (EMG)machines, echocardiogram (ECG) machines, atrial fibrillation devices,stethoscopes, pharyngoscopes, sinus scopes, otoscopes, laparoscopes,dermascopes, blood gas measurement devices, multi-purpose cameras,retinal cameras, ocular measurement devices, intraoral cameras,abdominal ultrasound devices, vascular ultrasound devices, trans-vaginalultrasound devices, skin surface measurement devices which measure oneor more of temperature, blood flow, blood sugar, skin color, skintexture, blood-fat content, blood cholesterol content; accelerometers,movement sensors, and combinations thereof.

Examples of biometric measurement instruments include, withoutlimitation, acoustical instruments, visual instruments, tactileinstruments, chemical instruments, biological instruments, electricalinstruments and combinations thereof. For example, useful biometricinstruments include those selected from cameras, video scopes,illumination systems, colorimeters, spirometers, holter monitors, vitalsign monitors, signal monitors, sensors, ultrasound probes, machineswhich measure electric signals from the body, blood chemistryinstruments, blood flow measurement devices, blood content measurementdevices, thermal measurement devices and combinations thereof. Morespecifically, the device for measuring biometrics may be is selectedfrom electroencephalogram (EEG) machines, electrocardiogram (EKG)machines, heart rate monitors, electromyogram (EMG) machines,echocardiogram (ECG) machines, atrial fibrillation devices,stethoscopes, pharyngoscopes, sinus scopes, otoscopes, laparoscopes,dermascopes, blood gas measurement devices, multi-purpose cameras,retinal cameras, ocular measurement devices, intraoral cameras,abdominal ultrasound devices, vascular ultrasound devices, trans-vaginalultrasound devices, skin surface measurement devices which measure oneor more of temperature, blood flow, blood sugar, skin color, skintexture, blood-fat content, blood cholesterol content; accelerometers,movement sensors, and combinations thereof.

The biometric measurement module may also include a mobile deviceincluding one or more software applications that may be used to obtainbiometric information, information which is used in making a diagnosis,information used in the medical evaluation, information used inevaluating the treatment effectiveness and/or change in treatmentnecessary for the individual, or a combination thereof. Such mobiledevices may include a mobile phone, tablet, laptop, watch or wearabledevice. In some instances, the device may be an implant located on orwithin the body of the individual patient.

Desirably, the medical professional is able to read the results directlyfrom the measurement instrument via video conferencing, butalternatively, the results may be communicated to the medicalprofessional via the internet, orally communicated, or by a recording ofthe results sent through the network. The virtual exam desirablyproceeds in much the same way as an in-office exam does, and desirablyresults in a recommended course of treatment, a regimen or aprescription which is communicated/provided to the patient. In the casewhere a prescription for an IUD of medication is generated, theprescription is communicated, desirably electronically, to themanufacturer of the IUD, where the IUD is then made in accordance withthe prescribed dosage form (e.g. film, tablet, capsule, solution, cream,patch, syrup etc.) and prescribed dose, for example, 1 mg, 2 mg, 5 mg,10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 50 mg, 60 mg, 70 mg, 80 mg, 90 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg,200 mg, 500 mg, 1000 mg and various amounts in between, or even higher,depending on a number of factors, including but not limited to thechosen active, the patient's medical condition, patient history and theprescribed regimen or treatment. For example, the prescription may callfor IUDs of oral films containing 10 mg of a CNS drug, or tabletscontaining 500 mg of an analgesic drug. The manufacturer then makes thepersonalized prescription to order and delivers (sends) it to theindividual for whom it is prescribed. Alternatively, delivery may be toan intermediary for quality check, or for further distribution to theindividual.

Manufacturing the IUDs may be performed by or under the supervision ofany licensed manufacturer of the active and the dosage forms, or apharmaceutical compounder. However, unlike the conventional system,where compounded medications are made by a licensed pharmacist in apharmacy based on a prescription, according to the present invention,the manufacturer can make the personalized IUD based on a medicalprescription and/or health information obtained via a networked system,and then the personalized IUD can be delivered directly to the patient,all through the disclosed system.

Manufacturing the IUD may include one or more of the following steps:providing a carrier matrix to one or more of the apparatus for makingthe personalized IUD; providing the active to one or more of theapparatus; combining the active and carrier matrix in one or more of theapparatus; forming the IUD from the carrier matrix and the active; andpackaging the IUD for distribution to the individual. Any packagingknown for use in the art with pharmaceutical products may be usedherein.

Dosage Forms

Any dosage form may be useful in the present disclosure. For example,useful non-limiting dosage forms include oral films (includingrapid-dissolve film products), wafers, capsules, tablets, suspensions,solutions, ointments, patches, creams, gels, troches, ampules, vials,syrups, tinctures, spirits, lozenges, balms, liniments, injectables andcombinations thereof. Currently, as required by various world regulatoryauthorities, dosage forms may not vary in the amount of active presentby more than specified percentages from the desired amount (labelledamount). When applied to dosage units based on the dosage forms recitedherein, this virtually mandates that uniformity of active content in thedosage form as compared to the labelled amount (i.e., desired amount) bepresent.

These dosage forms for use in this disclosure may be made by any meansknown in the art. Examples of methods of making capsules which areuseful herein are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,795,590 and 4,738,817,which are incorporated herein in their entirely. Examples of methods ofmaking tablets which are useful in the present invention are describedin U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,213,738, 5,456,920 and 5,437,872, contents of eachare incorporated herein in there entirety. Further descriptions ofuseful methods of making tablets are described in “Pharmaceutical DosageForms: Tablets Volume 1,” Edited by Herbert A. Lieberman and LeonLachman, Marcel Dekker, Inc, 1980, the contents of which are fullyincorporated by reference herein.

Films

In the case of oral film dosage forms, the formation of agglomerates isto be avoided because they tend to randomly distribute the filmcomponents and any active present as well. When large dosages areinvolved, a small change in the dimensions of the film would lead to alarge difference in the amount of active per film. If such films were toinclude low dosages of active, it is possible that portions of the filmmay be substantially devoid of any active. Since sheets of film areusually cut into unit doses, certain doses may therefore be devoid of orcontain an insufficient amount(s) of active(s) for the recommendedtreatment. Failure to achieve a high degree of accuracy with respect tothe amount of active ingredient in the cut film can be harmful to thepatient. For this reason, dosage forms formed by conventional processessuch as described by U.S. Pat. No. 4,136,145 to Fuchs, et al. (“Fuchs”).Fuchs, would not likely meet the stringent standards of governmental orregulatory agencies, such as the U.S. Federal Drug Administration(“FDA”), relating to the percent of active which may vary in dosageforms compared to the labelled amount of active.

Oral films for use in this disclosure may be made by any means known inthe art. Examples of methods of making oral films including thosedescribing uniformity of active content, preparing proper dosages andoptimizing film processes, packaging administering IUDS, which areuseful herein are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,425,292; 7,357,891;7,666,337; 8,017,150; 8,603,514; 8,765,167; 8,906,277; 8,900,497;9,855,221; 9,931,305; 8,393,255 (pouch cutter); U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,298,583and 8,663,696 (tetrahydrolipastatin films); U.S. Patent ApplicationPublication No. 2012/0107402A1 (Process for analyzing and establishingdosage size in an ingestible film); U.S. Pat. No. 8,282,954 (making filmusing a slurry with no water-based components i.e., only organicsolvents); U.S. Pat. No. 9,095,577 (stabilized amine systems); U.S. Pat.No. 9,095,495 (device for administering effective dosages); U.S. Pat.No. 8,577,488 (optimizing film scrap); U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,936,825 and9,561,191 (forming film directly onto the package); U.S. Pat. No.8,974,826 (nanoparticle film delivery systems); U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,790,704and 9,474,687 (peptide nanoparticle films); U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,346,601 and9,771,173 (Reduction in stress cracking of films); U.S. Pat. Nos.8,241,661 and 8,617,589 (Biocompatible Film With VariableCross-Sectional Properties), all assigned to Aquestive, Inc., (formerlyMonoSol Rx, LLC), all of which are incorporated herein in theirentirely.

Uniformity of Content

Each IUD must meet the uniformity of content requirements which assurethat a defined amount of active will be in each IUD. The IUDs arelabeled with a specific desired amount of active in each IUD. The IUDsare manufactured such that the finished IUD product will contain anactive content which does not vary more than 10% for the desired amount.For example, if the desired amount (labeled amount) of active in an IUDis 100 mg, then the IUDs may vary from 90 mg to 110 mg in the amount ofactive, but desirably not outside of this range.

Health Information of the Individual

As discussed herein, the invention includes the use of a device formeasuring biometric information of the individual. The information maybe seen by or transmitted directly to the medical professional, oralternatively, it may be stored in the networked control system andaccessed at a later date by the medical professional or the patient.Additionally, the networked system may be configured to link to and/ordata transfer with one or more third party information data basescontaining patient information, information related to diagnosis,disease states, prior patient histories, treatment protocols for diseaseor medical conditions and manufacturers of IUDs.

This individualized system is able to specifically take into accountdiverse backgrounds such as computational biology, bioinformatics,computer science, biology, pharmacology, medicine and biomedicalengineering, when formulating the personalized IUD for each individualpatient.

A prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) is an electronic databasethat tracks controlled substance prescriptions in a state. PDMPs canprovide health authorities timely information about prescribing andpatient behaviors that contribute to the prescription drug epidemic andfacilitate a targeted response. PDMPs are one of the most promisingtools available to address prescription opioid misuse and abuse. PDMPsoperate in every state (except Missouri) to collect data from pharmacieson controlled prescription drugs dispensed to patients. Pharmacists (andsome dispensing physicians) report to a PDMP each time a prescription isfilled for a controlled substance medication. When available at thepoint of care, information from the PDMP can give a prescriber orpharmacist critical information regarding a patient's history withprescription drugs. Providers are more easily able to distinguishbetween patients who legitimately need opioid medications for treatmentand those who may be seeking to misuse the drugs. Reviewing PDMP databefore prescribing also provides an opportunity to intervene early ifthere are signs of misuse or abuse. Additionally, licensing andregulatory boards can use PDMP data to identify unusual prescribingpatterns by prescribers.

Accordingly, the system or method of the disclosure may optionallyemploy review of the PDMP data prior to determining the medicalprescription and making the IUD. It may also include the step ofproviding and/or storing information (i.e., data) related to theindividual's health history, including individualized information onsafety, efficacy, side effects, frequency of use of an active. Becausethe system disclosed herein already involves a networked system, thisadditional check may be a seamless and fluid part of the operation.

Film IUD

In an embodiment, the personalized IUD is a film. The film may be anyknown film in the art used for delivery of a pharmaceutical active.

In one aspect, the film is a rapid-dissolve dosage form for drugdelivery whereby the active agents are taste-masked orcontrolled-release coated particles. In film dosage forms, thetaste-masked agents are desirably uniformly distributed throughout thelarge sheets of film which are then cut into IUDs. The rolls of filmsmade for use in this invention can be divided into equally sizedindividual unit dosages having substantially equal amounts of eachactive component present. This advantage is particularly useful becauseit permits large area films to be initially formed, and subsequently cutinto individual unit dosages without concern for whether each unitcontains a substantially uniform content of active Pharmaceutical filmdosage forms have only relatively recently been marketed largely due tothe inability to achieve drug content uniformity in the large area filmsand thus in the IUDs cut therefrom. Thus, for example, the films of thepresent disclosure have particular applicability as pharmaceuticaldosage delivery systems because each individual unit dose of film willcontain the proper predetermined amount of drug, which will not varymore than 10% from the desired amount, i.e. the labelled amount.

In a further aspect of the present invention, methods of forming thefilms of this invention are provided, by wet casting methods and hotmelt extrusion methods. In a wet casting method, the film product isformed by combining a polymer and a polar solvent, forming thecombination into a film, and drying the film in a controlled manner.Preferably, the film is dried initially only applying heat to the bottomside of the film, in order to maintain a non-self-aggregating uniformheterogeneity. Desirably, during the initial bottom drying stage,substantially no convection currents, i.e., hot air currents, arepermitted to travel across the top of the film until the visco-elasticproperties of the film are such that the film components are “locked” inplace and cannot move to cause non-uniformity. At that stage, othermethods of heating to effect drying may be employed.

The films may be formed with a polar solvent which may be water, a polarorganic solvent, or a combination thereof. An active ingredient may beadded to the polymer and water combination prior to the drying step.Alternatively, or in addition to controlling the drying the film, thepolymer may be selected in order to provide a viscosity that maintainsthe non-self-aggregating uniform heterogeneity. Moreover, thecomposition desirably is mixed in a manner to minimize the incorporationof air into the mixture and is desirably deaerated, such as byconditioning at room temperature, vacuum treatment or the like, to allowtrapped air to escape prior to the drying process. This serves toeliminate bubble and void formation in the final film product, therebyfurther improving uniformity. Reverse roll coating is one particularlyuseful coating technique may also be used to form the film.

Another embodiment of the present invention may include a rapid-dissolvefilm product containing at least one water-soluble polymer includingpolyethylene oxide alone or in combination with a hydrophilic cellulosicpolymer, wherein the film product may be free of added plasticizers.Preferably, the rapid-dissolve film product includes at least onewater-soluble polymer containing about 20% to 100% by weightpolyethylene oxide, about 0% to 80% by weight hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and about 0% to 80% by weight hydroxypropyl cellulose; anactive component; sweetener; at least one flavoring; and at least onecolorant, wherein the film product optionally is free of addedplasticizers, surfactants, and polyalcohols.

In another aspect of the present invention, the films employingpolyethylene oxide as the film-forming polymer may be formed by a hotmelt extrusion process, whereby an edible film-forming polymer isprovided, and active components are added during manufacture, and themixture is blended at elevated temperature in the absence of additionalsolvent to form a uniform matrix, and extruded to form a film.Desirably, the film will be further shaped by rollers to a specifiedthickness, and allowed to cool and harden to form a self-supportingfilm. A particularly desirable film forming polymer for extrusionmanufacture is polyethylene oxide, which is heated to about 65° C. toabout 80° C. during blending to provide a pliable uniform matrix. Theextrusion may be accomplished with a single screw extrusion apparatus orother suitable extrusion apparatus.

A particular advantage of the aforementioned extrusion processes whenemployed with particulate coated active ingredients is that the absenceof additional solvent during the manufacturing process lessens thelikelihood of dissolution or release of the taste-masked orcontrolled-release coated active agent during manufacture due todissolution or solvent effects.

Another aspect of the present invention provides films containing coatedparticles that include an active agent and a taste-masking and/orcontrolled-release coating. Accordingly, there is provided a drugdelivery composition that includes (i) a flowable water-soluble filmforming matrix; (ii) a particulate bioeffecting agent uniformlystationed therein; and (iii) a taste-masking agent or controlled-releaseagent coated or intimately associated with the particulate to providetaste-masking of the bioeffecting agent. In some embodiments, thecombined particulate and taste-masking agent have a particle size of 200microns or less and the flowable water-soluble film forming matrix iscapable of being dried without loss of uniformity in the stationing ofthe particulate bioeffecting agent therein.

In some other embodiments, the taste-masking or controlled-releasecoated particles may have a particle size of 50 to 250 microns, and theflowable water-soluble film forming matrix is capable of being driedwithout loss of uniformity in the stationing of the particulatebioeffecting agent therein. The importance of particle size isheightened in orally ingestible thin films, where uniformity is also ofparticular importance, and the prior art has failed to recognize suchcritically important features.

Desirably, the size of the combined particulate and taste-masking agenthave a particle size of 150 microns or less, or 100 microns or less. Theflowable water-soluble film forming matrix is formable into a dry filmof less than about 380 microns in thickness, for example less than about250 microns in thickness. Desirably, the coated particles are embeddedentirely within the finished films. In other words the dry films of thepresent invention desirably have smooth surfaces free of exposed agentsor coated particles that could impart grittiness or maldistribution ofthe active. Thus, in one aspect of the invention there is provided afilm vehicle which contains a uniform distribution of actives, asdefined herein, being suitably free of particles which accumulate on thefilm surface when dried.

Desirably, the taste-masking or controlled-release agent is a thin filmcoating over portions of the bioeffecting agent. Useful taste-maskingagents include polymeric materials. Water-soluble polymers are alsouseful. Desirably, the water-soluble polymer has an average molecularweight of equal to or greater than about 40,000. Furthermore,water-soluble polymers may be acrylic polymers, cellulosic polymers, andcombinations thereof. Additionally, vinyl polymers, crown ethers,hydrogenated oils and waxes, and combinations thereof may also be usedas taste-masking agents.

In some embodiments described herein, a thin film drug deliverycomposition includes: (a) an edible water-soluble film forming matrix;and (b) a coated particulate active component uniformly stationedtherein, wherein the coating on the particulate active component is ataste-masking or controlled-release agent and wherein the coatedparticulate active component has a particle size of 50 to 250 micronsand is uniformly distributed in the film composition.

In some other embodiments, there is provided a thin film drug deliverycomposition, which includes: (a) an edible water-soluble film formingmatrix including at least one water-soluble polymer includingpolyethylene oxide alone or in combination with a hydrophilic cellulosicpolymer; and (b) a coated particulate active component uniformlystationed therein, wherein the coating on the particulate activecomponent is a taste-masking and/or controlled-release agent, andwherein the active component is uniformly distributed in the filmcomposition.

Polymers Useful in the Manufacture of IUDs

Polymers useful in the manufacture of IUDs may employ a polar solvent,such as water or alcohol, during the manufacturing process to soften ordissolve the polymeric materials. Preferably, the polymers will be watersoluble. As used herein the phrase “water soluble polymer” and variantsthereof refer to a polymer that is at least partially soluble in water,and desirably fully or predominantly soluble in water, or absorbs water.Polymers that absorb water are often referred to as being waterswellable polymers. The materials useful with the present invention maybe water soluble or water swellable at room temperature and othertemperatures, such as temperatures exceeding room temperature. Moreover,the materials may be water soluble or water swellable at pressures lessthan atmospheric pressure. Desirably, the water soluble polymers arewater soluble or water swellable having at least 20 percent by weightwater uptake. Water swellable polymers having a 25 or greater percent byweight water uptake are also useful. Films or other dosage forms of thepresent invention formed from such water soluble polymers are desirablysufficiently water soluble to be dissolvable upon contact with bodilyfluids.

Other polymers useful for incorporation into the films or other dosageforms of the present invention include biodegradable polymers,copolymers, block polymers and combinations thereof. Among the knownuseful polymers or polymer classes which meet the above criteria are:poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polydioxanoes,polyoxalates, poly(α-esters), polyanhydrides, polyacetates,polycaprolactones, poly(orthoesters), polyamino acids,polyaminocarbonates, polyurethanes, polycarbonates, polyamides,poly(alkyl cyanoacrylates), and mixtures and copolymers thereof.Additional useful polymers include, stereopolymers of L- and D-lacticacid, copolymers of bis(p-carboxyphenoxy) propane acid and sebacic acid,sebacic acid copolymers, copolymers of caprolactone, poly(lacticacid)/poly(glycolic acid)/polyethyleneglycol copolymers, copolymers ofpolyurethane and (poly(lactic acid), copolymers of polyurethane andpoly(lactic acid), copolymers of α-amino acids, copolymers of α-aminoacids and caproic acid, copolymers of α-benzyl glutamate andpolyethylene glycol, copolymers of succinate and poly(glycols),polyphosphazene, polyhydroxy-alkanoates and mixtures thereof. Binary andternary systems are contemplated.

Other specific polymers useful include those marketed under the Medisorband Biodel trademarks. The Medisorb materials are marketed by the DupontCompany of Wilmington, Del. and are generically identified as a“lactide/glycolide co-polymer” containing “propanoic acid,2-hydroxy-polymer with hydroxy-polymer with hydroxyacetic acid.” Foursuch polymers include lactide/glycolide 100 L, believed to be 100%lactide having a melting point within the range of 338°-347° F.(170°-175° C.); lactide/glycolide 100 L, believed to be 100% glycolidehaving a melting point within the range of 437°-455° F. (225°-235° C.);lactide/glycolide 85/15, believed to be 85% lactide and 15% glycolidewith a melting point within the range of 338°-347° F. (170°-175° C.);and lactide/glycolide 50/50, believed to be a copolymer of 50% lactideand 50% glycolide with a melting point within the range of 338°-347° F.(170°-175° C.).

The Biodel materials represent a family of various polyanhydrides whichdiffer chemically. Although a variety of different polymers may be used,it is desired to select polymers to provide a desired viscosity of themixture. For example, if the active or other components are not solublein the selected solvent, a polymer that will provide a greater viscosityis desired to assist in maintaining uniformity. On the other hand, ifthe components are soluble in the solvent, a polymer that provides alower viscosity may be preferred.

Among the polymers recited above, polyethylene oxide (PEO), when usedalone or in combination with a hydrophilic cellulosic polymer, isparticularly suited to hot melt extrusion processes, and achievesflexible, strong films. Additional plasticizers or polyalcohols mayoptionally be included. Non-limiting examples of suitable cellulosicpolymers for combination with PEO include HPC and HPMC. PEO and HPC haveessentially no gelation temperature, while HPMC has a gelationtemperature of 58-64° C. (Methocel EF available from Dow Chemical Co.).Moreover, these films are sufficiently flexible even when substantiallyfree of organic solvents, which may be removed without compromising filmproperties. As such, if there is no solvent present, then there is noplasticizer in the films. PEO based films also exhibit good resistanceto tearing, little or no curling, and fast dissolution rates when thepolymer component contains appropriate levels of PEO.

To achieve the desired film properties, the level and/or molecularweight of PEO in the polymer component may be varied. Modifying the PEOcontent affects properties such as tear resistance, dissolution rate,and adhesion tendencies. Thus, one method for controlling filmproperties is to modify the PEO content. For instance, in someembodiments rapid dissolving films are desirable. By modifying thecontent of the polymer component, the desired dissolutioncharacteristics can be achieved.

In accordance with the present invention, PEO desirably ranges fromabout 20% to 100% by weight in the polymer component. In someembodiments, the amount of PEO desirably ranges from about 1 mg to about200 mg.

In some embodiments of the instant invention, a hydrophilic cellulosicpolymer such as HPMC may also be used as a water soluble polymer, infrom about 0% to about 80% by weight, or in a ratio of up to about 4:1with the PEO, and desirably in a ratio of about 1:1.

In some embodiments, it may be desirable to vary the PEO levels topromote certain film properties. To obtain films with high tearresistance and fast dissolution rates, levels of about 50% or greater ofPEO in the polymer component are desirable. To achieve adhesionprevention, i.e., preventing the film from adhering to the roof of themouth, PEO levels of about 20% to 75% are desirable. In someembodiments, however, adhesion to the roof of the mouth may be desired,such as for administration to animals or children. In such cases, higherlevels of PEO may be employed. More specifically, structural integrityand dissolution of the film can be controlled such that the film canadhere to mucosa and be readily removed, or adhere more firmly and bedifficult to remove, depending on the intended use.

The molecular weight of the PEO may also be varied. High molecularweight PEO, such as about 4 million, may be desired to increasemucoadhesivity of the film. More desirably, the molecular weight mayrange from about 100,000 to 900,000, more desirably from about 100,000to 600,000, and most desirably from about 100,000 to 300,000. In someembodiments, it may be desirable to combine high molecular weight(600,000 to 900,000) with low molecular weight (100,000 to 300,000) PEOsin the polymer component.

For instance, certain film properties, such as fast dissolution ratesand high tear resistance, may be attained by combining small amounts ofhigh molecular weight PEOs with larger amounts of lower molecular weightPEOs. Desirably, such compositions contain about 60% or greater levelsof the lower molecular weight PEO in the PEO-blend polymer component.

To balance the properties of adhesion prevention, fast dissolution rate,and good tear resistance, desirable film compositions may include about50% to 75% low molecular weight PEO, optionally combined with a smallamount of a higher molecular weight PEO, with the remainder of thepolymer component containing a hydrophilic cellulosic polymer (HPC orHPMC).

Viscosities of Fluid Matrices and Components

The polymer plays an important role in affecting the viscosity of dosageforms such as suspensions, liquids, solutions and films. Viscosity isone property of a liquid that controls the stability of the active in anemulsion, a colloid or a suspension. Generally the viscosity of thematrix will vary from about 400 cps to about 100,000 cps, preferablyfrom about 800 cps to about 60,000 cps, and most preferably from about1,000 cps to about 40,000 cps. When the dosage form is a film,desirably, the viscosity of the film-forming matrix will rapidlyincrease upon initiation of the drying process, which is a factor inensuring particulates of active are substantially “locked-in” place andthus remain substantially uniformly stationed in the matrix in whichthey are carried.

The viscosity of a carrier matrix may be adjusted based on the selectedactive depending on the other components within the matrix. Viscosity isparticularly important for actives which are particulate in nature. Forexample, if the component is not soluble within the selected solvent, aproper viscosity may be selected to prevent the component from settlingwhich would adversely affect the uniformity of the resulting film orliquid dosage form. The viscosity may be adjusted in different ways. Toincrease viscosity of a film matrix, the polymer may be chosen of ahigher molecular weight or crosslinkers may be added, such as salts ofcalcium, sodium and potassium. The viscosity may also be adjusted byadjusting the temperature or by adding a viscosity increasing component.Components that will increase the viscosity or stabilize theemulsion/suspension include higher molecular weight polymers andpolysaccharides and gums, which include without limitation, alginate,carrageenan, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, locust bean gum, guar gum,xanthan gum, dextran, gum arabic, gellan gum and combinations thereof.

It has also been observed that certain polymers which when used alonewould ordinarily require a plasticizer to achieve a flexible film, canbe combined without a plasticizer and yet achieve flexible films. Forexample, HPMC and HPC when used in combination provide a flexible,strong film with the appropriate plasticity and elasticity formanufacturing and storage. No additional plasticizer or polyalcohol isneeded for flexibility.

The carrier matrix may be any known inert component or mixture ofcomponents used in the formulation of pharmaceutical components. Asreadily understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, the carriermatrix differs greatly depending on the dosage form and the desired endproduct. For example, the carrier matrix may be a formulation comprisingpolymers, solvents, additives, and/or lubricants. It may includepowders, liquids or a combination thereof.

Polymers for Extruded Films

In an alternative embodiment of this invention, hot melt extrusion maybe used to form films. For extrusion processes, the polymers must bethermoplastic, meaning the polymers can be melted in a suitableapparatus, blended with other ingredients as desired, and extruded underpressure through an orifice to provide a film.

Active Agents

Suitable actives for use in the self-supporting films herein include,but are not limited to, the following therapeutic classes:ace-inhibitor; adrenergic agent; adrenocortical steroid; adrenocorticalsuppressant; aldosterone antagonist; alkaloid; amino acid; anabolic;analeptic; analgesic; anesthetic; anorectic; anti-acne agent;anti-adrenergic; anti-allergic; anti-amebic; anti-anemic; anti-anginal;anti-anxiety; anti-arthritic; anti-arrythmia; anti-asthmatic;anti-atherosclerotic; anti-cholesterolemic; antibacterial; antibiotic;anticholinergic; anticoagulant; anticonvulsant; antidepressant;antidiabetic; antidiarrheal; antidiuretic; antidote; anti-emetic;anti-epileptic; antifibrinolytic; antifungal; antihemorrhagic;antihistamine; antihyperlipidemia; antihypertensive; antihypotensive;anti-infective (both systemic and non-systemic); anti-inflammatory;anti-lipid; anti-manic; antimicrobial; antimigraine; antimitotic;antimycotic, antinauseant; antineoplastic; antineutropenic;anti-obesity; antiparasitic; anti-parkinson; antiproliferative;antipsychotic; anti-pyretic; antirheumatic; antiseborrheic;antisecretory; antispasmodic; anti-stroke; antithrombotic; anti-thyroid;anti-tumor; anti-tussive; anti-ulcerative; anti-uricemic; antiviral;appetite suppressant; appetite stimulant; biological response modifier;blood glucose regulator; blood modifier; blood metabolism regulator;bone resorption inhibitor; bronchodilator; cardiovascular agent; centralnervous system stimulant; cerebral dilator; contraceptive; coronarydilator; cholinergic; cough suppressant; decongestant; depressant;diagnostic aid; dietary supplement; diuretic; dopaminergic agent;enzymes; estrogen receptor agonist; endometriosis management agent;expectorant; erectile dysfunction therapy; erythropoietic; ibrinolytic;fertility agent; fluorescent agent; free oxygen radical scavenger;gastric acid suppressant; gastrointestinal motility effector; geneticmodifier; glucocorticoid; hair growth stimulant; hemostatic; histamineH2 receptor antagonists; homeopathic remedy; hormone; hypercalcemiamanagement agent; hypocalcemia management agent; hypocholesterolemic;hypoglycemic; hypolipidemic; hypotensive; ion exchange resin; imagingagent; immunizing agent; immunomodulator; immunoregulator;immunostimulant; immunosuppressant; keratolytic; laxative; LHRH agonist;mood regulator; motion sickness preparation; mucolytic; muscle relaxant;mydriatic; nasal decongestant; neuromuscular blocking agent;neuroprotective; NMDA antagonist; non-hormonal sterol derivative;osteoporosis therapy; oxytocic; parasympatholytic; parasympathomimetic;plasminogen activator; platelet activating factor antagonist; plateletaggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin; psychotherapeutic; psychotropic;radioactive agent; respiratory agent; scabicide; sclerosing agent;sedative; sedative-hypnotic; selective adenosine A1 antagonist;serotonin antagonist; serotonin inhibitor; serotonin receptorantagonist; smoking cessation therapy; steroid; stimulant;sympatholytic; terine relaxant; thyroid hormone; thyroid inhibitor;thyromimetic; tranquilizer; tremor therapy; amyotrophic lateralsclerosis agent; cerebral ischemia agent; Paget's disease agent;unstable angina agent; vasoconstrictor; vasodilator; weight management;wound healing agent; xanthine oxidase inhibitor; and combinationsthereof.

Examples of pharmaceutical actives suitable for use herein includeantacids, H₂-antagonists, and analgesics. For example, antacid dosagescan be prepared using the ingredients calcium carbonate alone or incombination with magnesium hydroxide, and/or aluminum hydroxide.Moreover, antacids can be used in combination with H₂-antagonists.

Analgesics include opiates and opiate derivatives, such as oxycodone(commercially available as Oxycontin®); ibuprofen (commerciallyavailable as Motrin®, Advil®, Motrin Children's®, Motrin TB®, AdvilChildren's®, Motrin Infants'®, Motrin Junior®, Ibu-2®, Proprinal®,Ibu-200®, Midol Cramp Formula®, Bufen®, Motrin Migraine Pain®, Addaprin®and Haltran®), aspirin (commercially available as Empirin®, Ecotrin®,Genuine Bayer®, and Halfprin®), acetaminophen (commercially available asSilapap Infant's®, Silapap Children's®, Tylenol®, Tylenol Children's®,Tylenol Extra Strength®, Tylenol Infants' Original®, Tylenol Infants'®,Tylenol Arthritis®, T-Painol®, Q-Pap®, Cetafen®, Dolono®, Tycolene®,APAP® and Aminofen®), and combinations thereof that may optionallyinclude caffeine. Other pain relieving agents may be used in the presentinvention, including meperidine hydrochloride (commercially available asDemerol®), capsaicin (commercially available as Qutenza®), morphinesulfate and naltrexone hydrochloride (commercially available asEmbeda®), hydromorphone hydrochloride (commercially available asDilaudid®), propoxyphene napsylate and acetaminophen (commerciallyavailable as Darvocet-N®), Fentanyl (commercially available asDuragesic®, Onsolis®, and Fentora®), sodium hyaluronate (commerciallyavailable as Euflexxa®), adalimumab (commercially available as Humira®),sumatriptan succinate (commercially available as Imitrex®), fentanyliontophoretic (commercially available as Ionsys®), orphenadrine citrate(commercially available as Norgesic®), magnesium salicylate tetrahydrate(commercially available as Novasal®), oxymorphone hydrochloride(commercially available as Opana ER®), methocarbamol (commerciallyavailable as Robaxin®), carisoprodol (commercially available as Soma®),tramadol hydrochloride (commercially available as Ultracet® andUltram®), morphine sulfate (commercially available as MS Contin®),metaxalone (commercially available as Skelaxin®), oxycodonehydrochloride (commercially available as OxyContin®),acetaminophen/oxycodone hydrochloride (commercially available asPercocet®), oxycodone/aspirin (commercially available as Percodan®),hydrocodone bitartrate/acetaminophen (commercially available asVicodin®), hydrocodone bitartrate/ibuprofen (commercially available asVicoprofen®), nepafenac (commercially available as Nevanac®), andpregabalin (commercially available as Lyrica®).

The self-supporting films disclosed herein may further include agentssuch as NSAIDs, including etodolac (commercially available as Lodine®),ketorolac tromethamine (commercially available as Acular® or Acuvail®),naproxen sodium (commercially available as Anaprox®, Naprosyn®),flurbiprofen (commercially available as Ansaid®), diclofenacsodium/misoprostol (commercially available as Arthrotec®), celecoxib(commercially available as Celebrex®), sulindac (commercially availableas Clinoril®), oxaprozin (commercially available as Daypro®), piroxicam(commercially available as Feldene®), indomethacin (commerciallyavailable as Indocin®), meloxicam (commercially available as Mobic®),mefenamic acid (commercially available as Ponstel®), tolmetin sodium(commercially available as Tolectin®), choline magnesium trisalicylate(commercially available as Trilisate®), diclofenac sodium (commerciallyavailable as Voltaren®), diclofenac potassium (commercially available asCambia® or Zipsor®), and misoprostol (commercially available asCytotec®). Opiate agonists and antagonists, such as buprenorphine andnaloxone are further examples of drugs for use in the present invention.

Other preferred drugs for other preferred active ingredients for useherein include anti-diarrheals such as loperamide (commerciallyavailable as Imodium AD®, Imotil®, Kaodene®, Imperim®, Diamode®, QCAnti-Diarrheal®, Health Care America Anti-Diarrheal®, Leader A-D®, andImogen®), nitazoxanide (commercially available as Alinia®) anddiphenoxylate hydrochloride/atropine sulfate (commercially available asLomotil®), anti-histamines, anti-tussives, decongestants, vitamins, andbreath fresheners. Common drugs used alone or in combination for colds,pain, fever, cough, congestion, runny nose and allergies, such asacetaminophen, ibuprofen, chlorpheniramine maleate, dextromethorphan,dextromethorphan HBr, phenylephrine HCl, pseudoephedrine HCl,diphenhydramine and combinations thereof, such as dextromethophan HBrand phenylephrine HCl (available as Triaminic®) may be included in thefilm compositions of the present invention.

Other active agents useful herein include, but are not limited to,alcohol dependence treatment, such as acamprosate calcium (commerciallyavailable as Campral®); Allergy treatment medications, such aspromethazine hydrochloride (commercially available as Phenergan®),bepotastine besilate (commercially available as Bepreve®), hydrocodonepolistirex/chlorpheniramine polistirex (commercially available asTussionex®), cetirizine hydrochloride (commercially available asZyrtec®), cetirizine hydrochloride/pseudoephedrine hydrochloride(commercially available as Zyrtec-D®), promethazinehydrochloride/codeine phosphate (commercially available as Phenergan®with Codeine), pemirolast (commercially available as Alamast®),fexofenadine hydrochloride (commercially available as Allegra®),meclizine hydrochloride (commercially available as Antivert®),azelastine hydrochloride (commercially available as Astelin®),nizatidine (commercially available as Axid®), desloratadine(commercially available as Clarinex®), cromolyn sodium (commerciallyavailable as Crolom®), epinastine hydrochloride (commercially availableas Elestat®), azelastine hydrochloride (commercially available asOptivar®), prednisolone sodium phosphate (commercially available asOrapred ODT®), olopatadine hydrochloride (commercially available asPatanol®), ketotifen fumarate (commercially available as Zaditor®), andmontelukast sodium (commercially available as Singulair®); andanti-histamines such as diphenhydramine HCl (available as Benadryl®),loratadine (available as Claritin®), astemizole (available asHismanal®), nabumetone (available as Relafen®), diphenydramine HCL(available as TheraFlu®) and clemastine (available as Tavist®).

Actives for use in the present disclosure may further includeAlzheimer's treatment medications, such as tacrine hydrochloride(commercially available as Cognex®), galantamine (commercially availableas Razadyne®), donepezil hydrochloride (commercially available asAricept®), rivastigmine tartrate (commercially available as Exelon®),caprylidene (commercially available as Axona®), and memantine(commercially available as Namenda®); anemia medication, such ascyanocobalamin (commercially available as Nascobal®) and ferumoxytol(commercially available as Feraheme®); anesthetics, such as antipyrinewith benzocaine (commercially available as Auralgan®, Aurodex® andAuroto®); angina medication, such as amlodipine besylate (commerciallyavailable as Norvasc®), nitroglycerin (commercially available asNitro-Bid®, Nitro-Dur®, Nitrolingual®, Nitrostat®, Transderm-Nitro®),isosorbide mononitrate (commercially available as Imdur®), andisosorbide dinitrate (commercially available as Isordil®); anti-tussivessuch as guaifensin; anti-Alzheimer's agents, such as nicergoline; andCa^(H)-antagonists such as nifedipine (commercially available asProcardia® and Adalat®).

Actives useful in the present disclosure may also includeanti-asthmatics, such as albuterol sulfate (commercially available asProventil®), ipratropium bromide (commercially available as Atrovent®),salmeterol xinafoate (commercially available as Serevent®), zafirlukast(commercially available as Accolate®), flunisolide (commerciallyavailable as AeroBid®), metaproterenol sulfate (commercially availableas Alupent®), albuterol inhalation (commercially available asVentolin®), terbutaline sulfate (commercially available as Brethine®),formoterol (commercially available as Foradil®), cromolyn sodium(commercially available as Intal®), levalbuterol hydrochloride(commercially available as Xopenex®), zileuton (commercially availableas Zyflo®), fluticasone propionate/salmeterol (commercially available asAdvair®), albuterol sulfate/triamcinolone acetonide (commerciallyavailable as Azmacort®), dimethylxanthine (commercially available asTheophylline®), and beclomethasone (commercially available asBeclovent®, Beconase®, Qvar®, Vancenase®, Vanceril®); angioedemamedication, such as C1 esterase Inhibitor (human) (commerciallyavailable as Berinert®) and ecallantide (commercially available asKalbitor®); and antibacterial medications, such astrimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (commercially available as Bactrim®),mupirocin (commercially available as Bactroban®), metronidazole(commercially available as Flagyl®), sulfisoxazole acetyl (commerciallyavailable as Gantrisin®), bismuth subsalicylate andmetronidazole/tetracycline hydrochloride (commercially available asHelidac Therapy®), nitrofurantoin (commercially available asMacrodantin®), norfloxacin (commercially available as Noroxin®),erythromycin ethylsuccinate/Sulfisoxazole acetyl (commercially availableas Pediazole®), and levofloxacin (commercially available as Levaquin®).

Other actives may further include one or more antibiotics, includingamoxicillin (commercially available as Amoxil®), ampicillin(commercially available as Omnipen®, Polycillin® and Principen®),amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium (commercially available asAugmentin®), moxifloxacin hydrochloride (commercially available asAvelox®), besifloxacin (commercially available as Besivance®),clarithromycin (commercially available as Biaxin®), ceftibuten(commercially available as Cedax®), cefuroxime axetil (commerciallyavailable as Ceftin®), cefprozil (commercially available as Cefzil®),ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (commercially available as Ciloxan® andCipro®), clindamycin phosphate (commercially available as Cleocin T®),doxycycline hyclate (commercially available as Doryx®), dirithromycin(commercially available as Dynabac®), erythromycin (commerciallyavailable as E.E.S.®, E-Mycin®, Eryc®, Ery-Tab®, Erythrocin®, and PCE®),erythromycin topical (commercially available as A/T/S®, Erycette®,T-Stat®), gemifloxacin (commercially available as Factive®), ofloxacin(commercially known as Ocuflox®, Floxin®), telithromycin (commerciallyavailable as Ketek®), lomefloxacin hydrochloride (commercially availableas Maxaquin®), minocycline hydrochloride (commercially available asMinocin®), fosfomycin tromethamine (commercially available as Monurol®),penicillin with potassium (commercially available as Penicillin VK®,Veetids®), trimethoprim (commercially available as Primsol®),ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (commercially available as Proquin XR®),rifampin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide (commercially available asRifater®), cefditoren (commercially available as Spectracef®), cefixime(commercially available as Suprax®), tetracycline (commerciallyavailable as Achromycin V® and Sumycin®), tobramycin (commerciallyavailable as Tobrex®), rifaximin (commercially available as Xifaxan®),azithromycin (commercially available as Zithromax®), azithromycinsuspension (commercially available as Zmax®), linezolid (commerciallyavailable as Zyvox®), benzoyl peroxide and clindamycin (commerciallyavailable as BenzaClin®), erythromycin and benzoyl peroxide(commercially available as Benzamycin®), dexamethasone (commerciallyavailable as Ozurdex®), ciprofloxacin and dexamethasone (commerciallyavailable as Ciprodex®), polymyxin B sulfate/neomycinsulfate/hydrocortisone (commercially available as Cortisporin®),colistin sulfate/neomycin sulfate/hydrocortisone acetate/thonzoniumbromide (commercially available as Cortisporin-TC Otic®), cephalexinhydrochloride (commercially available as Keflex®), cefdinir(commercially available as Omnicef®), and gatifloxacin (commerciallyavailable as Zymar®).

Other useful actives include cancer treatment medications, includingcyclophosphamide (commercially available as Cytoxan®), methotrexate(commercially available as Rheumatrex® and Trexal®), tamoxifen citrate(commercially available as Nolvadex®), bevacizumab (commerciallyavailable as Avastin®), everolimus (commercially available asAfinitor®), pazopanib (commercially available as Votrient®), andanastrozole (commercially available as Arimidex®); leukemia treatment,such as ofatumumab (commercially available as Arzerra®); anti-thromboticdrugs, such as antithrombin recombinant lyophilized powder (commerciallyavailable as Atryn®), prasugrel (commercially available as Efient®);anti-coagulants, such as aspirin with extended-release dipyridamole(commercially available as Aggrenox®), warfarin sodium (commerciallyavailable as Coumadin®), dipyridamole (commercially available asPersantine®), dalteparin (commercially available as Fragmin®),danaparoid (commercially available as Orgaran®), enoxaparin(commercially available as Lovenox®), heparin (commercially available asHep-Lock, Hep-Pak, Hep-Pak CVC, Heparin Lock Flush), tinzaparin(commercially available as Innohep®), and clopidogrel bisulfate(commercially available as Plavix®); antiemetics, such as granisetronhydrochloride (commercially available as Kytril®) and nabilone(commercially available as Cesamet®), trimethobenzamide hydrochloride(commercially available as Tigan®), and ondansetron hydrochloride(commercially available as Zofran®); anti-fungal treatment, such asketoconazole (commercially available as Nizoral®), posaconazole(commercially available as Noxafil®), ciclopirox (commercially availableas Penlac®), griseofulvin (commercially available as Gris-PEG®),oxiconazole nitrate (commercially available as Oxistat®), fluconazole(commercially available as Diflucan®), sertaconazole nitrate(commercially available as Ertaczo®), terbinafine hydrochloride(commercially available as Lamisil®), ciclopirox (commercially availableas Loprox®), nystatin/triamcinolone acetonide (commercially available asMycolog-II®), econazole nitrate (commercially available as Spectazole®),itraconazole (commercially available as Sporanox®), and terconazole(commercially available as Terazol®).

Active agents may further include anti-inflammatory medications, such ashydroxychloroquine sulfate (commercially available as Plaquenil®),fluticasone propionate (commercially available as Cutivate®),canakinumab (commercially available as Llaris®), amcinonide(commercially available as Cyclocort®), methylprednisolone (commerciallyavailable as Medrol®), budesonide (commercially available as EntocortEC®), anakinra (commercially available as Kineret®), diflorasonediacetate (commercially available as Psorcon®), and etanercept(commercially available as Enbrel®); antispasmodic medication, such asphenobarbital/hyoscyamine sulfate/atropine sulfate/scopolaminehydrobromide (commercially available as Donnatal®); antiviral treatment,such as oseltamivir phosphate (commercially available as Tamiflu®);anti-parasites medication, including tinidazole (commercially availableas Tindamax®); appetite treatment mediations, such as megestrol acetate(commercially available as Megace ES®), phentermine hydrochloride(commercially available as Adipex-P®), and diethylpropion hydrochloride(commercially available as Tenuate®); arthritis medications, includingleflunomide (commercially available as Arava®), certolizumab pegol(commercially available as Cimzia®), diclofenac sodium (commerciallyavailable as Pennsaid®), golimumab (commercially available as Simponi®),and tocilizumab (commercially available as Actemra®); bladder controlmedication, such as trospium chloride (commercially available asSanctura®), desmopressin acetate (commercially available as DDAVP®),tolterodine tartrate (commercially available as Detrol®), oxybutyninchloride (commercially available as Ditropan® or Gelnique®), darifenacin(commercially available as Enablex®), and solifenacin succinate(commercially available as VESIcare®); blood vessel constrictors, suchas methylergonovine maleate (commercially available as Methergine®);plasma uric managers, such as rasburicase (commercially available asElitek®); iron deficiency anemia medications, such as ferumoxytol(commercially available as Feraheme®); lymphoma medications, such aspralatrexate (commercially available as Folotyn®), romidepsin(commercially available as Isodax®); malaria medication, such asartemether/lumefantrine (commercially available as Coartem®);hyponatremia medication, such as tolvatpan (commercially available asSamsca®); medication for treatment of von Willebrand disease(commercially available as Wilate®); anti-hypertension medications, suchas treprostinil (commercially available as Tyvaso®), tadalafil(commercially available as Adcirca®); cholesterol lowering medication,including paricalcitol (commercially available as Altocor®),pitavastatin (commercially available as Livalo®), lovastatin, niacin(commercially available as Advicor®), colestipol hydrochloride(commercially available as Colestid®), rosuvastatin calcium(commercially available as Crestor®), fluvastatin sodium (commerciallyavailable as Lescol®), atorvastatin calcium (commercially available asLipitor®), lovastatin (commercially available as Mevacor®), niacin(commercially available as Niaspan®), pravastatin sodium (commerciallyavailable as Pravachol®), pavastatin sodium with buffered aspirin(commercially available as Pravigard PAC®), cholestyramine (commerciallyavailable as Questran®), simvastatin and niacin (commercially availableas Simcor®), atenolol, chlorthalidone (commercially available asTenoretic®), atenolol (commercially available as Tenormin®), fenofibrate(commercially available as Tricor®), fenofibrate (commercially availableas Triglide®), ezetimibe/simvastatin (commercially available asVytorin®), colesevelam (commercially available as WelChol®), bisoprololfumarate (commercially available as Zebeta®), ezetimibe (commerciallyavailable as Zetia®), bisoprolol fumarate/hydrochlorothiazide(commercially available as Ziac®), and simvastatin (commerciallyavailable as Zocor®).

The pharmaceutical actives included herein may also include chronickidney disease medication, such as paricalcitol (commercially availableas Zemplar®); contraceptive agents, including etonogestrel (commerciallyavailable as Implanon®), norethindrone acetate, ethinyl estradiol(commercially available as Loestrin 24 FE®), ethinyl estradiol,norelgestromin (commercially available as Ortho Evra®), levonorgestrel(commercially available as Plan B®), levonorgestrel and ethinylestradiol (commercially available as Preven®), levonorgestrel, ethinylestradiol (commercially available as Seasonique®), andmedroxyprogesterone acetate (commercially available as Depo-Provera®);COPD medication, such as arformoterol tartrate (commercially availableas Brovana®) and ipratropium bromide, albuterol sulfate (commerciallyavailable as Combivent®); cough suppressants, including benzonatate(commercially available as Tessalon®), guaifenesin, codeine phosphate(commercially available as Tussi-Organidin NR®), and acetaminophen,codeine phosphate (commercially available as Tylenol with Codeine®);medication for the treatment of diabetes, including pioglitazonehydrochloride, metformin hydrochloride (commercially available asACTOplus Met®), bromocriptine mesylate (commercially available asCycloset®), liraglutide (commercially available as Victoza®),saxagliptin (commercially available as Onglyza®), pioglitazonehydrochloride (commercially available as Actos®), glimepiride(commercially available as Amaryl®), rosiglitazone maleate, metforminhydrochloride (commercially available as Avandamet®), rosiglitazonemaleate (commercially available as Avandaryl®), rosiglitazone maleate(commercially available as Avandia®), exenatide (commercially availableas Byetta®), exenatide (commercially available as Bydureon®),chlorpropamide (commercially available as Diabinese®), pioglitazonehydrochloride, glimepiride (commercially available as Duetact®),metformin hydrochloride (commercially available as Glucophage®),glipizide (commercially available as Glucotrol®), glyburide, metformin(commercially available as Glucovance® and Fortamet®), metforminhydrochloride (commercially available as Glumetza®), sitagliptin(commercially available as Januvia®), detemir (commercially available asLevemir®), glipizide, metformin hydrochloride (commercially available asMetaglip®), glyburide (commercially available as Micronase®),repaglinide (commercially available as Prandin®), acarbose (commerciallyavailable as Precose®), nateglinide (commercially available asStarlix®), pramlintide acetate (commercially available as Symlin®),canagliflozin (commercially available as Invokana®), linagliptin(commercially available as Tradjenta®), dapagliflozin (commerciallyavailable as Farxiga®), insulin glargine (commercially available asLantus® or Toujeo®), insulin aspart (commercially available asNovolog®), insulin lispro, empagliflozin (commercially available asJardiance®), and tolazamide (commercially available as Tolinase®).

Other useful actives of the present invention may include digestiveagents, such as sulfasalazine (commercially available as Azulfidine®),rabeprazole sodium (commercially available as AcipHex®), lubiprostone(commercially available as Amitiza®), dicyclomine hydrochloride(commercially available as Bentyl®), sucralfate (commercially availableas Carafate®), lactulose (commercially available as Chronulac®),docusate (commercially available as Colace®), balsalazide disodium(commercially available as Colazal®), losartan potassium (commerciallyavailable as Cozaar®), olsalazine sodium (commercially available asDipentum®), chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride, clidinium bromide(commercially available as Librax®), esomeprazole magnesium(commercially available as Nexium®), famotidine (commercially availableas Pepcid®), lansoprazole (commercially available as Prevacid®),lansoprazole and naproxen (commercially available as PrevacidNapraPAC®), amoxicillin/clarithromycin/lansoprazole (commerciallyavailable as Prevpac®), omeprazole (commercially available asPrilosec®), pantoprazole sodium (commercially available as Protonix®),metoclopramide hydrochloride (commercially available as Reglan® orMetozolv®), cimetidine (commercially available as Tagamet®), ranitidinehydrochloride (commercially available as Zantac®), and omeprazole,sodium bicarbonate (commercially available as Zegerid®); diuretics,including spironolactone, hydrochlorothiazide (commercially available asAldactazide®), spironolactone (commercially available as Aldactone®),bumetanide (commercially available as Bumex®), torsemide (commerciallyavailable as Demadex®), chlorothiazide (commercially available asDiuril®), furosemide (commercially available as Lasix®), metolazone(commercially available as Zaroxolyn®), and hydrochlorothiazide,triamterene (commercially available as Dyazide®).

Actives useful herein may also include treatment for emphysema, such astiotropium bromide (commercially available as Spiriva®); fibromyalgiamedication, such as milnacipran hydrochloride (commercially available asSavella®); medication for the treatment of gout, such as colchicine(commercially available as Colcrys®), and febuxostat (commerciallyavailable as Uloric®); enema treatments, including aminosalicylic acid(commercially available as Mesalamine® and Rowasa®); epilepsymedications, including valproic acid (commercially available asDepakene®), felbamate (commercially available as Felbatol®), lamotrigine(commercially available as Lamictal®), primidone (commercially availableas Mysoline®), oxcarbazepine (commercially available as Trileptal®),zonisamide (commercially available as Zonegran®), levetiracetam(commercially available as Keppra®), and phenytoin sodium (commerciallyavailable as Dilantin®).

Erectile dysfunction therapies useful herein include, but are notlimited to, drugs for facilitating blood flow to the penis, and foreffecting autonomic nervous activities, such as increasingparasympathetic (cholinergic) and decreasing sympathetic (adrenersic)activities. Useful agents for treatment of erectile dysfunction include,for example, those agents available as alprostadil (commerciallyavailable as Caverject®), tadalafil (commercially available as Cialis®),vardenafil (commercially available as Levitra®), apomorphine(commercially available as Uprima®), yohimbine hydrochloride(commercially available as Aphrodyne®, Yocon®), and sildenafil citrate(commercially available as Viagra®).

Actives useful herein may further include eye medications and treatment,such as dipivefrin hydrochloride (commercially available as Propine®),valganciclovir (commercially available as Valcyte®), ganciclovirophthalmic gel (commercially available as Zirgan®); bepotastine besilate(commercially available as Bepreve®), besifloxacin (commerciallyavailable as Besivance®), bromfenac (commercially available as Xibrom®),fluorometholone (commercially available as FML®), pilocarpinehydrochloride (commercially available as Pilocar®), cyclosporine(commercially available as Restasis®), brimonidine tartrate(commercially available as Alphagan P®), dorzolamidehydrochloride/timolol maleate (commercially available as Cosopt®),bimatoprost (commercially available as Lumigan®), timolol maleate(available as Timoptic®), travoprost (commercially available asTravatan®), latanoprost (commercially available as Xalatan®),echothiophate iodide (commercially available as Phospholine Iodide®),and ranibizumab (commercially available as Lucentis®); fluidcontrollers, such as acetazolamide (commercially available as Diamox®);gallstone medications, including ursodiol (commercially available asActigall®); medication for the treatment of gingivitis, includingchlorhexidine gluconate (commercially available as Peridex®); headachemedications, including butalbital/codeine phosphate/aspirin/caffeine(commercially available as Fiornal® with Codeine), naratriptanhydrochloride (commercially available as Amerge®), almotriptan(commercially available as Axert®), ergotamine tartrate/caffeine(commercially available as Cafergot®), butalbital/acetaminophen/caffeine(commercially available as Fioricet®), butalbital/aspirin/caffeine(commercially available as Fiorinal®), frovatriptan succinate(commercially available as Frova®), rizatriptan benzoate (commerciallyavailable as Maxalt®), isometheptenemucate/dichloralphenazone/acetaminophen (commercially available asMidrin®), dihydroergotamine mesylate (commercially available asMigranal®), eletriptan hydrobromide (commercially available as Relpax®),and zolmitriptan (commercially available as Zomig®); influenzamedication, such as Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine; tetanus toxoidconjugate (commercially available as Hiberix®); and heart treatments,including quinidine sulfate, isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazinehydrochloride (commercially available as BiDil®), digoxin (commerciallyavailable as Lanoxin®), flecainide acetate (commercially available asTambocor®), mexiletine hydrochloride (commercially available asMexitil®), disopyramide phosphate (commercially available as Norpace®),procainamide hydrochloride (commercially available as Procanbid®), andpropafenone (commercially available as Rythmol®).

Other useful actives include hepatitis treatments, including entecavir(commercially available as Baraclude®), hepatitis B immune globulin(commercially available as HepaGam B®), andcopegus/rebetol/ribasphere/vilona/virazole (commercially available asRibavirin®); herpes treatments, including valacyclovir hydrochloride(commercially available as Valtrex®), penciclovir (commerciallyavailable as Denavir®), acyclovir (commercially available as Zovirax®),and famciclovir (commercially available as Famvir®); treatment for highblood pressure, including enalaprilat (available as Vasotec®), captopril(available as Capoten®) and lisinopril (available as Zestril®),verapamil hydrochloride (available as Calan®), ramipril (commerciallyavailable as Altace®), olmesartan medoxomil (commercially available asBenicar®), amlodipine/atorvastatin (commercially available as Caduet®),nicardipine hydrochloride (commercially available as Cardene®),diltiazem hydrochloride (commercially available as Cardizem®), quinaprilhydrochloride (commercially available as Accupril®), quinaprilhydrochloride/hydrochlorothiazide (commercially available asAccuretic®), perindopril erbumine (commercially available as Aceon®),candesartan cilexetil (commercially available as Atacand®), candesartancilexetil/hydrochlorothiazide (commercially available as Atacand HCT®),irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide (commercially available as Avalide®),irbesartan (commercially available as Avapro®), amlodipinebesylate/olmesartan medoxomil (commercially available as Azor®),levobunolol hydrochloride (commercially available as Betagan®),betaxolol hydrochloride (commercially available as Betoptic®), nebivolol(commercially available as Bystolic®), captopril/hydrochlorothiazide(commercially available as Capozide®), doxazosin mesylate (commerciallyavailable as Cardura®), clonidine hydrochloride (commercially availableas Catapres®), carvedilol (commercially available as Coreg®), nadolol(commercially available as Corgard®), nadolol/bendroflumethiazide(commercially available as Corzide®), valsartan (commercially availableas Diovan®), isradipine (commercially available as DynaCirc®), Guanabenzacetate. (commercially available as Wytensin®), Guanfacine hydrochloride(commercially available as Tenex® or Intuniv®), losartanpotassium/hydrochlorothiazide (commercially available as Hyzaar®),propranolol hydrochloride (commercially available as Indera®),propranolol hydrochloride/hydrochlorothiazide (commercially available asInderide®), eplerenone (commercially available as Inspra®), ambrisentan(commercially available as Letairis®), enalapril maleate/felodipine(commercially available as Lexxel®), metoprolol tartrate (commerciallyavailable as Lopressor®), benazepril hydrochloride (commerciallyavailable as Lotensin®), benazepril hydrochloride/hydrochlorothiazide(commercially available as Lotensin HCT®), amlodipine/benazeprilhydrochloride (commercially available as Lotrel®), indapamide(commercially available as Lozol®), trandolapril (commercially availableas Mavik®), telmisartan (commercially available as Micardis®),telmisartan/hydrochlorothiazide (commercially available as MicardisHCT®), prazosin hydrochloride (commercially available as Minipress®),amiloride, hydrochlorothiazide (commercially available as Moduretic®),fosinopril sodium (commercially available as ZZXT Monopril®), fosinoprilsodium/hydrochlorothiazide (commercially available as Monopril-HCT®),pindolol (commercially available as Visken®), felodipine (commerciallyavailable as Plendil®), sildenafil citrate (commercially available asRevatio®), Nisoldipine (commercially available as Sular®),trandolapril/verapamil hydrochloride (commercially available as Tarka®),aliskiren (commercially available as Tekturna®), eprosartan mesylate(commercially available as Teveten®), eprosartanmesylate/hydrochlorothiazide (commercially available as Teveten HCT®),moexipril hydrochloride/hydrochlorothiazide (commercially available asUniretic®), moexipril hydrochloride (commercially available asUnivasc®), enalapril maleate/hydrochlorothiazide (commercially availableas Vaseretic®), and lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide (commerciallyavailable as Zestoretic®).

Other actives are useful in the medication for the treatment ofHIV/AIDS, such as amprenavir (commercially available as Agenerase®),tipranavir (commercially available as Aptivus®),efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir (commercially available as Atripla®),lamivudine/zidovudine (commercially available as Combivir®), indinavirsulfate (commercially available as Crixivan®), lamivudine (commerciallyavailable as Epivir®), saquinavir (commercially available asFortovase®), zalcitabine (commercially available as Hivid®),lopinavir/ritonavir (commercially available as Kaletra®), fosamprenavircalcium (commercially available as Lexiva®), ritonavir (commerciallyavailable as Norvir®), zidovudine (commercially available as Retrovir®),atazanavir sulfate (commercially available as Reyataz®), efavirenz(commercially available as Sustiva®), abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine(commercially available as Trizivir®), didanosine (commerciallyavailable as Videx®), nelfinavir mesylate (commercially available asViracept®), nevirapine (commercially available as Viramune®), tenofovirdisoproxil fumarate (commercially available as Viread®), stavudine(commercially available as Zerit®), and abacavir sulfate (commerciallyavailable as Ziagen®); homocysteiene removers, including betaineanhydrous (commercially available as Cystadane®); medications, such asinsulin (commercially available as Apidra®, Humalog®, Humulin®, Iletin®,Tresiba®, and Novolin®); and HPV treatment, such as Human papillomavirusvaccine (commercially available as Gardasil®) or human papillomavirusbivalent (commercially available as Cervarix®); immunosuppressants,including cyclosporine (commercially available as Gengraf®, Neoral®,Sandimmune®, and Apo-Cyclosporine®).

Actives useful in the present disclosure may further include prolactininhibitors, such as bromocriptine mesylate (commercially available asParlodel®); medications for aiding in stress tests, such as regadenoson(commercially available as Lexiscan®); baldness medication, includingfinasteride (commercially available as Propecia® and Proscar®);pancreatitis treatment, such as gemfibrozil (commercially available asLopid®); hormone medications, such as norethindrone acetate/ethinylestradiol (commercially available as femHRT®), goserelin acetate(commercially available as Zoladex®), progesterone gel (commerciallyavailable as Prochieve®), progesterone (commercially available asPrometrium®), calcitonin-salmon (commercially available as Miacalcin®),calcitriol (commercially available as Rocaltrol®), synthroid(commercially available as Levothroid®, Levoxyl®, Unithroid®),testosterone (commercially available as Testopel®, Androderm®,Testoderm®, and AndroGel®); menopause medication, such asestradiol/norethindrone acetate (commercially available as Activella®),drospirenone/estradiol (commercially available as Angeliq®),estradiol/levonorgestrel (commercially available as Climara Pro®),estradiol/norethindrone acetate (commercially available as CombiPatch®),estradiol (commercially available as Estrasorb®, Vagifem® andEstroGel®), esterified estrogens and methyltestosterone (commerciallyavailable as Estratest®), estrogen (commercially available as Alora®,Climara®, Esclim®, Estraderm®, Vivelle®, Vivelle-Dot®), estropipate(commercially available as Ogen®), conjugated estrogens (commerciallyavailable as Premarin®), and medroxyprogesterone acetate (commerciallyavailable as Provera®); menstrual medications, including leuprolideacetate (commercially available as Lupron Depot), tranexamic acid(commercially available as Lysteda®), and norethindrone acetate(commercially available as Aygestin®); and muscle relaxants, includingcyclobenzaprine hydrochloride (commercially available as Flexeril®),tizanidine (commercially available as Zanaflex®), and hyoscyaminesulfate (commercially available as Levsin®).

Actives useful herein may also include osteoporosis medications,including ibrandronate sodium (commercially available as Boniva®),risedronate (commercially available as Actonel®), raloxifenehydrochloride (commercially available as Evista®, Fortical®), andalendronate sodium (commercially available as Fosamax®); ovulationenhancers, including clomiphene citrate (commercially available asSerophene®, Clomid®, Serophene®); Paget's disease treatment, such asetidronate disodium (commercially available as Didronel®); pancreaticenzyme deficiency medications, such as pancrelipase (commerciallyavailable as Pancrease® or Zenpep®); medication for the treatment ofParkinson's disease, such as pramipexole dihydrochloride (commerciallyavailable as Mirapex®), ropinirole hydrochloride (commercially availableas Requip®), carbidopa/levodopa (commercially available as Sinemet CR®),carbidopa/levodopa/entacapone (commercially available as Stalevo®),selegiline hydrochloride (commercially available as Zelapar®),rasagiline (commercially available as Azilect®), entacapone(commercially available as Comtan®), and selegiline hydrochloride(commercially available as Eldepryl®); multiple sclerosis medication,such as dalfampridine (commercially available as Ampyra®) and interferonbeta-I b (commercially available as Extavia®); prostate medication,including flutamide (commercially available as Eulexin®), nilutamide(commercially available as Nilandron®), dutasteride (commerciallyavailable as Avodart®), tamsulosin hydrochloride (commercially availableas Flomax®), terazosin hydrochloride (commercially available asHytrin®), and alfuzosin hydrochloride (commercially available asUroXatral®).

Actives may further include psychiatric medications, includingalprazolam (available as Niravam®, Xanax®), clozopin (available asClozaril®), haloperidol (available as Haldol®), fluoxetine hydrochloride(available as Prozac®), sertraline hydrochloride (available as Zoloft®),asenapine (commercially available as Saphris®), iloperidone(commercially available as Fanapt®), paroxtine hydrochloride (availableas Paxil®), aripiprazole (commercially available as Abilify®),guanfacine (commercially available as Intuniv®), Amphetamines andmethamphetamines (commercially available as Adderall® and Desoxyn®),clomipramine hydrochloride (commercially available as Anafranil®),Buspirone hydrochloride (commercially available as BuSpar®), citalopramhydrobromide (commercially available as Celexa®), duloxetinehydrochloride (commercially available as Cymbalta®), methylphenidate(commercially available as Ritalin, Daytrana®), divalproex sodium(Valproic acid) (commercially available as Depakote®), dextroamphetaminesulfate (commercially available as Dexedrine®), venlafaxinehydrochloride (commercially available as Effexor®), selegiline(commercially available as Emsam®), carbamazepine (commerciallyavailable as Equetro®), lithium carbonate (commercially available asEskalith®), fluvoxamine maleate/dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride(commercially available as Focalin®), ziprasidone hydrochloride(commercially available as Geodon®), ergoloid mesylates (commerciallyavailable as Hydergine®), escitalopram oxalate (commercially availableas Lexapro®), chlordiazepoxide (commercially available as Librium®),molindone hydrochloride (commercially available as Moban®), phenelzinesulfate (commercially available as Nardil®), thiothixene (commerciallyavailable as Navane®), desipramine hydrochloride (commercially availableas Norpramin®), benzodiazepines (such as those available as Oxazepam®),nortriptyline hydrochloride (commercially available as Pamelor®),tranylcypromine sulfate (commercially available as Parnate®),prochlorperazine, mirtazapine (commercially available as Remeron®),risperidone (commercially available as Risperdal®), quetiapine fumarate(commercially available as Seroquel®), doxepin hydrochloride(commercially available as Sinequan®), atomoxetine hydrochloride(commercially available as Strattera®), trimipramine maleate(commercially available as Surmontil®), olanzapine/fluoxetinehydrochloride (commercially available as Symbyax®), imipraminehydrochloride (commercially available as Tofranil®), protriptylinehydrochloride (commercially available as Vivactil®), bupropionhydrochloride (commercially available as Wellbutrin®, Wellbutrin SR®,and Wellbutrin XR®), and olanzapine (commercially available asZyprexa®).

Actives useful herein may also include uric acid reduction treatment,including allopurinol (commercially available as Zyloprim®); seizuremedications, including gabapentin (commercially available asNeurontin®), ethotoin (commercially available as Peganone®), vigabatrin(commercially available as Sabril®), and topiramate (commerciallyavailable as Topamax®); treatment for shingles, such as zoster vaccinelive (commercially available as Zostavax®); skin care medications,including calcipotriene (commercially available as Dovonex®),ustekinumab (commercially available as Stelara®), televancin(commercially available as Vibativ®), isotretinoin (commerciallyavailable as Accutane®), hydrocortisone/iodoquinol (commerciallyavailable as Alcortin C), sulfacetamide sodium/sulfur (commerciallyavailable as Avar®), azelaic acid (commercially available as Azelex®,Finacea®), benzoyl peroxide (commercially available as Desquam-E®),adapalene (commercially available as Differin®), fluorouracil(commercially available as Efudex®), pimecrolimus (commerciallyavailable as Elidel®), topical erythromycin (commercially available asA/T/S®, Erycette®, T-Stat®), hydrocortisone (commercially available asCetacort®, Hytone®, Nutracort®), metronidazole (commercially availableas MetroGel®), doxycycline (commercially available as Oracea®),tretinoin (commercially available as Retin-A® and Renova®),mequinol/tretinoin (commercially available as Solage®), acitretin(commercially available as Soriatane®), calcipotrienehydrate/betamethasone dipropionate (commercially available asTaclonex®), tazarotene (commercially available as Tazorac®),fluocinonide (commercially available as Vanos®), desonide (commerciallyavailable as Verdeso®), miconazole nitrate/Zinc oxide (commerciallyavailable as Vusion®), ketoconazole (commercially available asXolegel®), and efalizumab (commercially available as Raptiva®).

Other actives useful herein may include Sleep disorder medications,including zaleplon (available as Sonata®), eszopiclone (available asLunesta®), zolpidem tartrate (commercially available as Ambien®, AmbienCR®, Edluar®), lorazepam (commercially available as Ativan®), flurazepamhydrochloride (commercially available as Dalmane®), triazolam(commercially available as Halcion®), clonazepam (commercially availableas Klonopin®), barbituates, such as Phenobarbital®), Modafinil(commercially available as Provigil®), temazepam (commercially availableas Restoril®), ramelteon (commercially available as Rozerem®),clorazepate dipotassium (commercially available as Tranxene®), diazepam(commercially available as Valium®), quazepam (commercially available asDoral®), and estazolam (commercially available as ProSom®); smokingcessation medications, such as varenicline (commercially available asChantix®), nicotine, such as Nicotrol®, and bupropion hydrochloride(commercially available as Zyban®); and steroids, includingalclometasone dipropionate (commercially available as Aclovate®),betamethasone dipropionate (commercially available as Diprolene®),mometasone furoate (commercially available as Elocon®), fluticasone(commercially available as Flonase®, Flovent®, Flovent Diskus®, FloventRotadisk®), fluocinonide (commercially available as Lidex®), mometasonefuroate monohydrate (commercially available as Nasonex®), desoximetasone(commercially available as Topicort®), clotrimazole/betamethasonedipropionate (commercially available as Lotrisone®), prednisoloneacetate (commercially available as Pred Forte®, Prednisone®, BudesonidePulmicort®, Rhinocort Aqua®), prednisolone sodium phosphate(commercially available as Pediapred®), desonide (commercially availableas Tridesilon®), and halobetasol propionate (commercially available asUltravate®).

Other actives may be useful for thyroid disease treatment, such ashormones TC and TD (commercially available as Armour Thyroid®);potassium deficiency treatment, including potassium chloride(commercially available as Micro-K®); triglycerides regulators,including omega-3-acid ethyl esters (commercially available as Omacor®);urinary medication, such as phenazopyridine hydrochloride (commerciallyavailable as Pyridium®) and methenamine, methylene blue/phenylsalicylate/benzoic acid/atropine sulfate/hyoscyamine (commerciallyavailable as Urised®); prenatal vitamins (commercially available asAdvanced Natalcare®, Materna®, Natalins®, Prenate Advance®); weightcontrol medication, including orlistat (commercially available asXenical®) and sibutramine hydrochloride (commercially available asMeridia®).

The popular H₂-antagonists which are contemplated for use herein includecimetidine, ranitidine hydrochloride, famotidine, nizatidien,ebrotidine, mifentidine, roxatidine, pisatidine and aceroxatidine.

Active antacid ingredients include, but are not limited to, thefollowing: aluminum hydroxide, dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate,aminoacetic acid, aluminum phosphate, dihydroxyaluminum sodiumcarbonate, bicarbonate, bismuth aluminate, bismuth carbonate, bismuthsubcarbonate, bismuth subgallate, bismuth subnitrate, bismuthsubsilysilate, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, citrate ion (acidor salt), amino acetic acid, hydrate magnesium aluminate sulfate,magaldrate, magnesium aluminosilicate, magnesium carbonate, magnesiumglycinate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium trisilicate,milk solids, aluminum mono-ordibasic calcium phosphate, tricalciumphosphate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium tartrate, sodium bicarbonate,magnesium aluminosilicates, tartaric acids and salts.

The pharmaceutically active agents employed in the present invention mayinclude allergens or antigens, such as, but not limited to, plantpollens from grasses, trees, or ragweed; animal danders, which are tinyscales shed from the skin and hair of cats and other furred animals;insects, such as house dust mites, bees, and wasps; and drugs, such aspenicillin.

Examples of specific actives include but are not limited to 16-alphafluorocstradiol, 16-alpha-gitoxin, 16-epiestriol, 17 alphadihydroequilenin, 17 alpha estradiol, 17 beta estradiol, 17 hydroxyprogesterone, 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D2,1-dodecpyrrolidinone, 20-epi-1,25dihydroxyvitamin D3, 22-oxacalcitriol, 2CVV, 2′-nor-cGMP, 3-isobutylGABA, 5-ethynyluracil, 6-FUDCA, 7-methoxytacrine, Abamectin, abanoquil,abecarnil, abiraterone, Ablukast, Ablukast Sodium, Acadesine,acamprosate, Acarbose, Acebutolol, Acecainide Hydrochloride, Aceclidine,aceclofenae, Acedapsone, Aceglutamide Aluminum, Acemannan,Acetaminophen, Acetazolamide, Acetohexamide, Acetohydroxamic Acid,acetomepregenol, Acetophenazine Maleate, Acetosulfone Sodium,Acetylcholine Chloride, Acetylcysteine, acetyl-L-carnitine,acetylmethadol, Acifran, acipimox, acitemate, Acitretin, Acivicin,Aclarubicin, aclatonium, Acodazole Hydrochloride, aconiazide,Acrisorcin, Acrivastine, Acronine, Actisomide, Actodigin, Acyclovir,acylfulvene, adafenoxate, adapalene, Adapalene, adatanserin, AdatanserinHydrochloride, adecypenol, adecypenol, Adefovir, adelmidrol,ademetionine, Adenosine, Adinazolam, Adipheinine Hydrochloride,adiposin, Adozelesin, adrafinil, Adrenalone, airbutamine, alacepril,Alamecin, Alanine, Alaproclate, alaptide, Albendazole, albolabrin,Albuterol, Albutoin, Alclofenae, Alclometasone Dipropionate, Alcloxa,aldecalmycin, Aldesleukin, Aldioxa, Alendronate Sodium, alendronic acid,alentemol, Alentemol Hydrobromide, Aletamine Hydrochloride, AleuroniumChloride, Alexidine, alfacalcidol, Alfentanil Hydrochloride, alfuzosin,Algestone Acetonide, alglucerase, Aliflurane, alinastine, Alipamide,Allantoin, Allobarbital, Allopurinol, ALL-TK antagonists, Alogliptin,Alonimid, alosetron, Alosetron Hydrochloride, Alovudine, Alpertine,Alpha Amylase, alpha idosone, Alpidem, Alprazolam, AlprenololHydrochloride, Alprenoxime Hydrochloride, Alprostadil, AlrestatinSodium, Altanserin Tartrate, Alteplase, Althiazide, Altretamine,altromycin B, Alverinc Citrate, Alvircept Sudotox, Amadinone Acetate,Amantadine Hydrochloride, ambamustine, Ambomycin, Ambruticin,Ambuphylline, Ambuside, Amcinafal, Amcinonide, Amdinocillin,Amdinocillin Pivoxil, Amedalin Hydrochloride, amelometasone, Ameltolide,Amesergide, Ametantrone Acetate, amezinium metilsulfate, amfebutamone,Amfenac Sodium, Amflutizole, Amicycline, Amidephrine Mesylate, amidox,Amifloxacin, amifostine, Amikacin, Amiloride Hydrochloride, AminacrineHydrochloride, Aminobenzoate Potassium, Aminobenzoate Sodium,Aminocaproic Acid, Aminoglutethimide, Aminohippurate Sodium,aminolevulinic acid, Aminophylline, A minorex, Aminosalicylate sodium,Aminosalicylic acid, Amiodarone, Amiprilose Hydrochloride, AmiquinsinHydrochloride, amisulpride, Amitraz, Amitriptyline Hydrochloride,Amlexanox, amlodipine, Amobarbital Sodium, Amodiaquine, AmodiaquineHydrochloride, Amorolfine, Amoxapine, Amoxicillin, Amphecloral,Amphetamine Sulfate, Amphomycin, Amphotericin B, Ampicillin,ampiroxicam, Ampyzine Sulfate, Amquinate, Amrinone, amrinone, amrubicin,Amsacrine, amylin, amythiamicin, Anagestone Acetate, anagrelide,Anakinra, ananain, anaritide, Anaritide Acetate, Anastrozole, AnazoleneSodium, Ancrod, andrographolide, Androstenedione, angiogenesisinhibitors, Angiotensin Amide, Anidoxime, Anileridine, AnilopamHydrochloride, Aniracetam, Anirolac, Anisotropine Methylbromide,Anistreplase, Anitrazafen, anordrin, antagonist D, antagonist G,antarelix, Antazoline Phosphate, Anthelmycin, Anthralin, Anthramycin,antiandrogen, Acedapsone, Felbamate, antiestrogen, antineoplaston,Antipyrine, antisense oligonucleotides, apadoline, apafant, ApalcillinSodium, apaxifylline, Apazone, aphidicolin glycinate, Apixifylline,Apomorphine Hydrochloride, apraclonidine, Apraclonidine Hydrochloride,Apramycin, Aprindine, Aprindine Hydrochloride, aprosulate sodium,Aprotinin, Aptazapine Maleate, aptiganel, apurinic acid, apurinic acid,aranidipine, Aranotin, Arbaprostil, arbekicin, arbidol, ArbutamineHydrochloride, Arclofenin, Ardeparin Sodium, argatroban, Arginine,Argipressin Tannate, Arildone, aripiprazol, arotinolol, Arpinocid,Arteflene, Artilide Fumarate, asimadoline, aspalatone, Asparaginase,Asparic Acid, Aspartocin, asperfuran, Aspirin, aspoxicillin, Asprelin,Astemizole, Astromicin Sulfate, asulacrine, atamestane, Atenolol,atevirdine, Atipamezole, Atiprosin Maleate, Atolide, AtorvastatinCalcium, Atosiban, Atovaquone, atpenin B, Atracurium Besylate,atrimustine, atrinositol, Atropine, Auranofin, aureobasidin A,Aurothioglucose, Avilamycin, Avoparcin, Avridine, Axid, axinastatin 1,axinastatin 2, axinastatin 3, Azabon, Azacitidinie, AzaclorzineHydrochloride, Azaconazole, azadirachtine, Azalanstat Dihydrochloride,Azaloxan Fumarate, Azanator Maleate, Azanidazole, Azaperone, Azaribine,Azaserine, azasetron, Azatadine Maleate, Azathioprine, AzathioprineSodium, azatoxin, azatyrosine, azelaic acid, azelastine, azelnidipine,Azepindole, Azetepa, azimilide, Azithromycin, Azlocillin, Azolimine,Azosemide, Azotomycin, Aztreonam, Azumolene Sodium, BacampicillinHydrochloride, baccatin III, Bacitracin, Baclofen, bacoside A, bacosideB, bactobolamine, balanol, balazipone, balhimycin, balofloxacin,balsalazide, Bambermycins, bambuterol, Bamethan Sulfate, BamifyllineHydrochloride, Bamidazole, baohuoside 1, Barmastine, barnidipine,Basifungin, Batanopride Hydrochloride, batebulast, Batelapine Maleate,Batimastat, beauvericin, Becanthone Hydrochloride, becaplermin,becliconazole, Beclomethasone Dipropionate, befloxatone, Beinserazide,Belfosdil, Belladonna, Beloxamide, Bemesetron, Bemitradine, Bemoradan,Benapryzine Hydrochloride, Benazepril Hydrochloride, Benazeprilat,Bendacalol Mesylate, Bendazac, Bendroflumethiazide, benflumetol,benidipine, Benorterone, Benoxaprofen, Benoxaprofen, BenoxinateHydrochloride, Benperidol, Bentazepam, Bentiromide, Benurestat,Benzbromarone, Benzethonium Chloride, Benzetimide Hydrochloride,Benzilonium Bromide, Benzindopyrine Hydrochloride, benzisoxazole,Benzocaine, benzochlorins, Benzoctamine Hydrochloride, Benzodepa,benzoidazoxan, Benzonatate, Benzoyl Peroxide, Benzoylpas Calcium,benzoylstaurosporine, Benzquinamide, Benzthiazide, benztropine,Benztropine Mesylate, Benzydamine Hydrochloride, BenzylpenicilloylPolylysine, bepridil, Bepridil Hydrochloride, Beractant, Beraprost,Berefrine, berlafenone, bertosamil, Berythromycin, besipirdine,beta-alethine, betaclamycin B, Betamethasone, betamipron, betaxolol,Betaxolol Hydrochloride, Bethanechol Chloride, Bethanidine Sulfate,betulinic acid, bevantolol, Bevantolol Hydrochloride, Bezafibrate, bFGFinhibitor, Bialamicol Hydrochloride, Biapenem, Bicalutamide, BicifadineHydrochloride, Biclodil Hydrochloride, Bidisomide, bifemelane,Bifonazole, bimakalim, bimithil, Bindarit, Biniramycin, binospirone,bioxalomycin alpha2, Bipenamol Hydrochloride, Biperiden, BiphenamineHydrochloride, biriperone, bisantrene, bisaramil, bisaziridinylspermine,bis-benzimidazole A, bis-benzimidazole B, bisnafide, Bisobrin Lactate,Bisoprolol, Bispyrithione Magsulfex, bistramide D, bistramide K,bistratene A, Bithionolate Sodium, Bitolterol Mesylate, Bivalirudin,Bizelesin, Bleomycin Sulfate, Bolandiol Dipropionate, Bolasterone,Boldenone Undecylenate, boldine, Bolenol, Bolmantalate, bopindolol,Bosentan, Boxidine, brefeldin, breflate, Brequinar Sodium, Bretazenil,Bretylium Tosylate, Brifentanil Hydrochloride, brimonidine, Brinolase,Brocresine, Brocrinat, Brofoxine, Bromadoline Maleate, Bromazepam,Bromchlorenone, Bromelains, bromfenac, Brominidione, Bromocriptine,Bromodiphenhydramine Hydrochloride, Bromoxamide, Bromperidol,Bromperidol Decanoate, Brompheniramine Maleate, Broperamole,Bropirimine, Brotizolam, Bucainide Maleate, bucindolol, BuclizineHydrochloride, Bucromarone, Budesonide, budipine, budotitane, Buformin,Bumetamide, Bunaprolast, bunazosin, Bunolol Hydrochloride, Bupicomide,Bupivacaine Hydrochloride, Buprenorphine Hydrochloride, BupropionHydrochloride, Buramate, Buserelin Acetate, Buspirone Hydrochloride,Busulfan, Butabarbital, Butacetin, Butaclamol Hydrochloride, Butalbital,Butamben, Butamirate Citrate, Butaperazine, Butaprost, ButedronateTetrasodium, butenafine, Buterizine, buthionine sulfoximine, Butikacin,Butilfenin, Butirosin Sulfate, Butixirate, butixocort propionate,Butoconazole Nitrate, Butonate, Butopamine, Butoprozine Hydrochloride,Butorphanol, Butoxamine Hydrochloride, Butriptyline Hydrochloride,Cactinomycin, Cadexomer Iodine, Caffeine, calanolide A, Calcifediol,Calcipotriene, calcipotriol, Calcitonin, Calcitriol, CalciumUndecylenate, calphostin C, Calusterone, Cambendazole, camonagrel,camptothecin derivatives, canagliflozin, canarypox IL-2, candesartan,Candicidin, candoxatril, candoxatrilat, Caniglibose, CanrenoatePotassium, Canrenone, capecitabine, Capobenate Sodium, Capobenic Acid,Capreomycin Sulfate, capromab, capsaicin, Captopril, Capuride,Caracemide, Carbachol, Carbadox, Carbamazepine, Carbamide Peroxide,Carbantel Lauryl Sulfate, Carbaspirin Calcium, Carbazeran, carbazomycinC, Carbenicillin Potassium, Carbenoxolone Sodium, Carbetimer,carbetocin, Carbidopa, Carbidopa-Levodopa, Carbinoxamine Maleate,Carbiphene Hydrochloride, Carbocloral, Carbocysteine, Carbol-Fuchsin,Carboplatin, Carboprost, carbovir, carboxamide-amino-triazo-le,carboxyamidotriazole, carboxymethylated beta-1,3-glucan, CarbuterolHydrochloride, CaRest M3, Carfentanil Citrate, Carisoprodol,Carmantadine, Carmustine, CARN 700, Camidazole, Caroxazone, carperitide,Carphenazine Maleate, Carprofen, Carsatrin Succinate, Cartazolate,carteolol, Carteolol Hydrochloride, cartilage derived inhibitor,Carubicin Hydrochloride, Carumonam Sodium, carvedilol, carvotroline,Carvotroline Hydrochloride, carzelesin, casein kinase inhibitors (ICOS),castanospermine, caurumonam, cebaracetam, cecropin B, Cedefingol,Cefaclor, Cefadroxil, Cefamandole, Cefaparole, Cefatrizine, CefazaflurSodium, Cefazolin, Cefbuperazone, cefcapene pivoxil, cefdaloximepentexil tosilate, Cefdinir, cefditoren pivoxil, Cefepime, cefetamet,Cefetecol, cefixime, cefluprenam, Cefinenoxime Hydrochloride,Cefinetazole, cefminlox, cefodizime, Cefonicid Sodium, CefoperazoneSodium, Ceforamide, cefoselis, Cefotaxime Sodium, Cefotetan, cefotiam,Cefoxitin, cefozopran, cefpimizole, Cefpiramide, cefpirome, cefpodoximeproxetil, cefprozil, Cefroxadine, cefsulodin, Ceftazidime, cefteram,ceftibuten, Ceftizoxime Sodium, ceftriaxone, Cefuroxime, celastrol,celikalim, celiprolol, cepacidiine A, Cephacetrile Sodium, Cephalexin,Cephaloglycin, Cephaloridine, Cephalothin Sodium, Cephapirin Sodium,Cephradine, cericlamine, cerivastatin, Ceronapril, certoparin sodium,Ceruletide, Cetaben Sodium, Cetalkonium Chloride, CetamololHydrochloride, cetiedil, cetirizine, Cetophenicol, CetraxateHydrochloride, cetrorelix, Cetylpyridinium Chloride, Chenodiol,Chlophedianol Hydrochloride, Chloral Betaine, Chlorambucil,Chloramphenicol, Chlordantoin, Chlordiazepoxide, ChlorhexidineGluconate, chlorins, Chlormadinone Acetate, chloroorienticin A,Chloroprocaine Hydrochloride, Chloropropamide, Chloroquine,chloroquinoxaline sulfonamide, Chlorothiazide, Chlorotrianisene,Chloroxine, Chloroxylenol, Chlorphenesin Carbamate, ChlorpheniramineMaleate, Chlorpromazine, Chlorpropamide, Chlorprothixene,Chlortetracycline Bisulfate, Chlorthalidone, Chlorzoxazone,Cholestyramine Resin, Chromonar Hydrochloride, cibenzoline, cicaprost,Ciclafrine Hydrochloride, Ciclazindol, ciclesonide, cicletanine,Ciclopirox, Cicloprofen, cicloprolol, Cidofovir, CidoxepinHydrochloride, Cifenline, Ciglitazone, Ciladopa Hydrochloride,cilansetron, Cilastatin Sodium, Cilazapril, cilnidipine, CilobamineMesylate, cilobradine, Cilofungin, cilostazol, Cimaterol, Cimetidine,cimetropium bromide, Cinalukast, Cinanserin Hydrochloride, CinepazetMaleate, Cinflumide, Cingestol, cinitapride, Cinnamedrine, Cinnarizine,cinolazepam, Cinoxacin, Cinperene, Cinromide, Cintazone, Cintriamide,Cioteronel, Cipamfylline, Ciprefadol Succinate, Ciprocinonide,Ciprofibrate, Ciprofloxacin, ciprostene, Ciramadol, Cirolemycin,cisapride, cisatracurium besilate, Cisconazole, Cisplatin,cis-porphyrin, cistinexine, citalopram, Citenamide, citicoline,citreamicin alpha, cladribine, Clamoxyquin Hydrochloride,Clarithromycin, clausenamide, Clavulanate Potassium, Clazolam,Clazolimine, clebopride, Clemastine, Clentiazem Maleate, ClidiniumBromide, clinafloxacin, Clindamycin, Clioquinol, Clioxamide, Cliprofen,clobazam, Clobetasol Propionate, Clobetasone Butyrate, ClocortoloneAcetate, Clodanolene, Clodazon Hydrochloride, clodronic acid,Clofazimine, Clofibrate, Clofilium Phosphate, Clogestone Acetate,Clomacran Phosphate, Clomegestone Acetate, Clometherone, clomethiazole,clomifene analogues, Clominorex, Clomiphene, Clomipramine Hydrochloride,Clonazepam, Clonidine, Clonitrate, Clonixeril, Clonixin, Clopamide,Clopenthixol, Cloperidone Hydrochloride, clopidogrel, Clopimozide,Clopipazan Mesylate, Clopirac, Cloprednol, Cloprostenol Sodium,Clorazepate Dipotassium, Clorethate, Clorexolone, CloroperoneHydrochloride, Clorprenaline Hydrochloride, Clorsulon, ClortermineHydrochloride, Closantel, Closiramine Aceturate, Clothiapine,Clothixamide Maleate Cloticasone Propionate, Clotrimazole, CloxacillinBenzathine, Cloxyquin, Clozapine, Cocaine, Coccidioidin, Codeine,Codoxime, Colchicine, colestimide, Colestipol Hydrochloride,Colestolone, Colforsin, Colfosceril Palmitate, Colistimethate Sodium,Colistin Sulfate, collismycin A, collismycin B, Colterol Mesylate,combretastatin A4, combretastatin analogue, complestatin, conagenin,Conorphone Hydrochloride, contignasterol, contortrostatin, CormethasoneAcetate, Corticorelin Ovine Triflutate, Corticotropin, CortisoneAcetate, Cortivazol, Cortodoxone, cosalane, costatolide, Cosyntropin,cotinine, Coumadin, Coumermycin, crambescidin 816, Crilvastatin,crisnatol, Cromitrile Sodium, Cromolyn Sodium, Crotamiton, cryptophycin8, cucumariosid, Cuprimyxin, curacin A, curdlan sulfate, curiosin,Cyclacillin, Cyclazocine, cyclazosin, cyclic HPMPC, Cyclindole,Cycliramine Maleate, Cyclizine, Cyclobendazole, cyclobenzaprine,cyclobut A, cyclobut G, cyclocapron, Cycloguanil Pamoate, Cycloheximide,cyclopentanthraquinones, Cyclopenthiazide, Cyclopentolate Hydrochloride,Cyclophenazine Hydrochloride, Cyclophosphamide, cycloplatam,Cyclopropane, Cycloserine, cyclosin, Cyclosporine, cyclothialidine,Cyclothiazide, cyclothiazomycin, Cyheptamide, cypemycin, CypenamineHydrochloride, Cyprazepam, Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride, CyprolidolHydrochloride, cyproterone, Cyproximide, Cysteamine, CysteineHydrochloride, Cystine, Cytarabine, Cytarabine Hydrochloride, cytarabineocfosfate, cytochalasin B, cytolytic factor, cytostatin, Dacarbazine,dacliximab, dactimicin, Dactinomycin, daidzein, Daledalin Tosylate,dalfopristin, Dalteparin Sodium, Daltroban, Dalvastatin, danaparoid,Danazol, Dantrolene, dapagliflozin, daphlnodorin A, dapiprazole,dapitant, Dapoxetine Hydrochloride, Dapsone, Daptomycin, DarglitazoneSodium, darifenacin, darlucin A, Darodipine, darsidomine, DaunorubicinHydrochloride, Dazadrol Maleate, Dazepinil Hydrochloride, Dazmegrel,Dazopride Fumarate, Dazoxiben Hydrochloride, Debrisoquin Sulfate,Decitabine, deferiprone, deflazacort, Dehydrocholic Acid,dehydrodidemnin B, Dehydroepiandrosterone, delapril, DelaprilHydrochloride, Delavirdine Mesylate, delequamine, delfaprazine,Delmadinone Acetate, delmopinol, delphinidin, Demecarium Bromide,Demeclocycline, Demecycline, Demoxepam, Denofungin, deoxypyridinoline,Depakote, deprodone, Deprostil, depsidomycin, deramciclane, dermatansulfate, Desciclovir, Descinolone Acetonide, Desflurane, DesipramineHydrochloride, desirudin, Deslanoside, deslorelin, desmopressin,desogestrel, Desonide, Desoximetasone, desoxoamiodarone,Desoxycorticosterone Acetate, detajmium bitartrate, DeterenolHydrochloride, Detirelix Acetate, Devazepide, Dexamethasone, Dexamisole,Dexbrompheniramine Maleate, Dexchlorpheniramine Maleate, DexclamolHydrochloride, Dexetimide, Dexfenfluramine Hydrochloride, dexifosfamide,Deximafen, Dexivacaine, dexketoprofen, dexloxiglumide, Dexmedetomidine,Dexormaplatin, Dexoxadrol Hydrochloride, Dexpanthenol, Dexpemedolac,Dexpropranolol Hydrochloride, Dexrazoxane, dexsotalol, dextrin2-sulphate, Dextroamphetamine, Dextromethorphan, DextrorphanHydrochloride, Dextrothyroxine Sodium, dexverapamil, Dezaguanine,dezinamide, dezocine, Diacetolol Hydrochloride, Diamocaine Cyclamate,Diapamide, Diatrizoate Meglumine, Diatrizoic Acid, Diaveridine,Diazepam, Diaziquone, Diazoxide, Dibenzepin Hydrochloride,Dibenzothiophene, Dibucaine, Dichliorvos, Dichloralphenazone,Dichlorphenamide, Dicirenone, Diclofenac Sodium, Dicloxacillin,dicranin, Dicumarol, Dicyclomine Hydrochloride, Didanosine, didemnin B,didox, Dienestrol, dienogest, Diethylcarbamazine Citrate,diethylhomospermine, diethylnorspermine, Diethylpropion Hydrochloride,Diethylstilbestrol, Difenoximide Hydrochloride, Difenoxin, DiflorasoneDiacetate, Difloxacin Hydrochloride, Difluanine Hydrochloride,Diflucortolone, Diflumidone Sodium, Diflunisal, Difluprednate,Diftalone, Digitalis, Digitoxin, Digoxin, Dihexyverine Hydrochloride,dihydrexidine, dihydro-5-azacytidine, Dihydrocodeine Bitartrate,Dihydroergotamine Mesylate, Dihydroestosterone, DihydrostreptomycinSulfate, Dihydrotachysterol, dihydrotaxol, 9-, Dilantin, DilevalolHydrochloride, Diltiazem Hydrochloride, Dimefadane, DimeflineHydrochloride, Dimenhydrinate, Dimercaprol, Dimethadione, DimethindeneMaleate, Dimethisterone, dimethyl prostaglandin A1, Dimethyl Sulfoxide,dimethylhomospermine, dimiracetam, Dimoxamine Hydrochloride, Dinoprost,Dinoprostone, Dioxadrol Hydrochloride, dioxamycin, DiphenhydramineCitrate, Diphenidol, Diphenoxylate Hydrochloride, diphenyl spiromustine,Dipivefin Hydrochloride, Dipivefrin, dipliencyprone, diprafenone,dipropylnorspermine, Dipyridamole, Dipyrithione, Dipyrone,dirithromycin, discodermolide, Disobutamide, Disofenin, Disopyramide,Disoxaril, disulfiram, Ditekiren, Divalproex Sodium, DizocilpineMaleate, Dobutamine, docarpamine, Docebenone, Docetaxel, Doconazole,docosanol, dofetilide, dolasetron, Ebastine, ebiratide, ebrotidine,ebselen, ecabapide, ecabet, ecadotril, ecdisteron, echicetin,echistatin, Echothiophate Iodide, Eclanamine Maleate, Eclazolast,ecomustine, Econazole, ecteinascidin 722, edaravone, Edatrexate,edelfosine, Edifolone Acetate, edobacomab, Edoxudine, edrecolomab,Edrophonium Chloride, edroxyprogesteone Acetate, efegatran,eflornithine, efonidipine, egualcen, Elantrine, eleatonin, elemene,eletriptan, elgodipine, eliprodil, Elsamitrucin, eltenae, Elucaine,emalkalim, emedastine, Emetine Hydrochloride, emiglitate, EmiliumTosylate, emitefur, emoctakin, empagliflozin, Enadoline Hydrochloride,enalapril, Enalaprilat, Enalkiren, enazadrem, Encyprate, EndralazineMesylate, Endrysone, Enflurane, englitazone, Enilconazole, Enisoprost,Enlimomab, Enloplatin, Enofelast, Enolicam Sodium, Enoxacin, enoxacin,enoxaparin sodium, Enoxaparin Sodium, Enoximone, Enpiroline Phosphate,Enprofylline, Enpromate, entacapone, enterostatin, Enviradene,Enviroxime, Ephedrine, Epicillin, Epimestrol, Epinephrine, EpinephrylBorate, Epipropidine, Epirizole, epirubicin, EpitetracyclineHydrochloride, Epithiazide, Epoetin Alfa, Epoetin Beta, Epoprostenol,Epoprostenol Sodium, epoxymexrenone, epristeride, Eprosartan,eptastigmine, equilenin, Equilin, Erbulozole, erdosteine, ErgoloidMesylates, Ergonovine Maleate, Ergotamine Tartrate, ersentilide,Ersofermin, erythritol, Erythrityl Tetranitrate, Erythromycin, EsmololHydrochloride, Esorubicin Hydrochloride, Esproquin Hydrochloride,Estazolam, Estradiol, Estramustine, estramustine analogue, EstrazinolHydrobromide, Estriol, Estrofurate, estrogen agonists, estrogenantagonists, Estrogens, Conjugated Estrogens, Esterified Estrone,Estropipate, esuprone, Etafedrine Hydrochloride, Etanidazole, etanterol,Etarotene, Etazolate Hydrochloride, Eterobarb, ethacizin, EthacrynateSodium, Ethacrynic Acid, Ethambutol Hydrochloride, Ethamivan,Ethanolamine Oleate, Ethehlorvynol, Ether, Ethinyl estradiol, EthiodizedOil, Ethionamide, Ethonam Nitrate, Ethopropazine Hydrochloride,Ethosuximide, Ethotoin, Ethoxazene Hydrochloride, Ethybenztropine, EthylChloride, Ethyl Dibunate, Ethylestrenol, Ethyndiol, Ethynerone,Ethynodiol Diacetate, Etibendazole, Etidocaine, Etidronate Disodium,Etidronic Acid, Etifenin, Etintidine Hydrochloride, etizolam, Etodolac,Etofenamate, Etoformin Hydrochloride, Etomidate, Etonogestrel,Etoperidone Hydrochloride, Etoposide, Etoprine, Etoxadrol Hydrochloride,Etozolin, etrabamine, Etretinate, Etryptamine Acetate, EucatropineHydrochloride, Eugenol, Euprocin Hydrochloride, eveminomicin,Exametazime, examorelin, Exaprolol Hydrochloride, exemestane, fadrozole,faeriefungin, Famciclovir, Famotidine, Fampridine, fantofarone,Fantridone Hydrochloride, faropenem, fasidotril, fasudil, fazarabine,fedotozine, felbamate, Felbinac, Felodipine, Felypres sin, Fenalamide,Fenamole, Fenbendazole, Fenbufen, Fencibutirol, Fenclofenac, Fenclonine,Fenclorac, Fendosal, Fenestrel, Fenethylline Hydrochloride, FenfluramineHydrochloride, Fengabine, Fenimide, Fenisorex, FenmetozoleHydrochloride, Fenmetramide, Fenobam, Fenoctimine Sulfate, fenofibrate,fenoldopam, Fenoprofen, Fenoterol, Fenpipalone, FenprinastHydrochloride, Fenprostalene, Fenquizone, fenretinide, fenspiride,Fentanyl Citrate, Fentiazac, Fenticlor, fenticonazole, FenyripolHydrochloride, fepradinol, ferpifosate sodium, ferristene, ferrixan,Ferrous Sulfate, Dried, Ferumoxides, ferumoxsil, FetoxylateHydrochloride, fexofenadine, Fezolamine Fumarate, Fiacitabine,Fialuridine, Fibrinogen 1 125, filgrastim, Filipin, finasteride,Flavodilol Maleate, flavopiridol, Flavoxate Hydrochloride, Flazalone,flecainide, flerobuterol, Fleroxacin, flesinoxan, Flestolol Sulfate,Fletazepam, flezelastine, flobufen, Floctafenine, flomoxef, Flordipine,florfenicol, florifenine, flosatidil, Flosequinan, Floxacillin,Floxuridine, fluasterone, Fluazacort, Flubanilate Hydrochloride,Flubendazole, Flucindole, Flucloronide, Fluconazole, Flucytosine,Fludalanine, Fludarabine Phosphate, Fludazonium Chloride,Fludeoxyglucose F 18, Fludorex, Fludrocortisone Acetate, FlufenamicAcid, Flufenisal, Flumazenil, flumecinol, Flumequine, Flumeridone,Flumethasone, Flumetramide, Flumezapine, Fluminorex, Flumizole,Flumoxonide, flunarizine, Flunidazole, Flunisolide, Flunitrazepam,Flunixin, fluocalcitriol, Fluocinolone Acetonide, Fluocinonide,Fluocortin Butyl, Fluocortolone, Fluorescein, fluorodaunorunicinhydrochloride, Fluorodopa F 18, Fluorometholone, Fluorouracil,Fluotracen Hydrochloride, Fluoxetine, Fluoxymesterone, fluparoxan,Fluperamide, Fluperolone Acetate, Fluphenazine Decanoate, flupirtine,Fluprednisolone, Fluproquazone, Fluprostenol Sodium, Fluquazone,Fluradoline Hydrochloride, Flurandrenolide, Flurazepam Hydrochloride,Flurbiprofen, Fluretofen, flurithromycin, Flurocitabine, Flurofamide,Flurogestone Acetate, Flurothyl, Fluroxene, Fluspiperone, Fluspirilene,Fluticasone Propionate, flutrimazole, Flutroline, fluvastatin,Fluvastatin Sodium, fluvoxamine, Fluzinamide, Folic Acid, Follicleregulatory protein, Folliculostatin, Fomepizole, Fonazine Mesylate,forasartan, forfenimex, forfenirmex, formestane, Formocortal,formoterol, Fosarilate, Fosazepam, Foscarnet Sodium, fosfomycin,Fosfonet Sodium, fosinopril, Fosinoprilat, fosphenyloin, Fosquidone,Fostedil, fostriecin, fotemustine, Fuchsin, Basic, Fumoxicillin,Fungimycin, Furaprofen, Furazolidone, Furazolium Chloride, FuregrelateSodium, Furobufen, Furodazole, Furosemide, Fusidate Sodium, FusidicAcid, gabapentin, Gadobenate Dimeglumine, gadobenic acid, gadobutrol,Gadodiamide, gadolinium texaphyrin, Gadopentetate Dimegiumine, gadotericacid, Gadoteridol, Gadoversetamide, galantamine, galdansetron,Galdansetron Hydrochloride, Gallamine Triethiodide, gallium nitrate,gallopamil, galocitabine, Gamfexine, gamolenic acid, Ganciclovir,ganirelix, gelatinase inhibitors, Gemcadiol, Gemcitabine, Gemeprost,Gemfibrozil, Gentamicin Sulfate, Gentian Violet, gepirone, Gestaclone,Gestodene, Gestonorone Caproate, Gestrinone, Gevotroline Hydrochloride,girisopam, glaspimod, glaucocalyxin A, Glemanserin, Gliamilide,Glibornuride, Glicetanile Sodium, Gliflumide, Glimepiride, Glipizide,Gloximonam, Glucagon, glutapyrone, glutathione inhibitors, Glutethimide,Glyburide, glycopine, glycopril, Glycopyrrolate, Glyhexamide, GlymidineSodium, Glyoctamide, Glyparamide, Gold Au 198, Gonadoctrinins,Gonadorelin, Gonadotropins, Goserelin, Gramicidin, Granisetron,grepafloxacin, Griseofulvin, Guaiapate, Guaithylline, Guanabenz,Guanabenz Acetate, Guanadrel Sulfate, Guancydine, GuanethidineMonosulfate, Guanfacine Hydrochloride, Guanisoquin Sulfate, GuanoclorSulfate, Guanoctine Hydrochloride, Guanoxabenz, Guanoxan Sulfate,Guanoxyfen Sulfate, Gusperimus Trihydrochloride, Halazepam, Halcinonide,halichondrin B, Halobetasol Propionate, halofantrine, HalofantrineHydrochloride, Halofenate, Halofuginone Hydrobromide, halomon,Halopemide, Haloperidol, halopredone, Haloprogesterone, Haloprogin,Halothane, Halquinols, Hamycin, Han memopausal gonadotropins,hatomamicin, hatomarubigin A, hatomarubigin B, hatomarubigin C,hatomarubigin D, Heparin Sodium, hepsulfam, heregulin, Hetacillin,Heteronium Bromide, Hexachlorophene: Hydrogen Peroxide, HexafluoreniumBromide, hexamethylene bisacetamide, Hexedine, Hexobendine,Hexoprenaline Sulfate, Hexylresorcinol, Histamine Phosphate, Histidine,Histoplasmin, Histrelin, Homatropine Hydrobromide, HoquizilHydrochloride, Human chorionic gonadotropin, Hycanthone, HydralazineHydrochloride, Hydralazine Polistirex, Hydrochlorothiazide, HydrocodoneBitartrate, Hydrocortisone, Hydroflumethiazide, HydromorphoneHydrochloride, Hydroxyamphetamine Hydrobromide, HydroxychloroquineSulfate, Hydroxyphenamate, Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate, Hydroxyurca,Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride, Hymecromone, Hyoscyamine, hypericin,Ibafloxacin, ibandronic acid, ibogaine, Ibopamine, ibudilast, Ibufenac,Ibuprofen, Ibutilide Fumarate, Icatibant Acetate, Ichthammol, Icotidine,idarubicin, idoxifene, Idoxuridine, idramantone, lemefloxacin,lesopitron, Ifetroban, Ifosfamide, Ilepeimide, illimaquinone,ilmofosine, ilomastat, Ilonidap, iloperidone, iloprost, ImafenHydrochloride, Imazodan Hydrochloride, imidapril, imidazenil,imidazoacridones, Imidecyl Iodine, Imidocarb Hydrochloride, ImidolineHydrochloride, Imidurea, Imiloxan Hydrochloride, Imipenem, ImipramineHydrochloride, imiquimod, immunostimulant peptides, ImpromidineHydrochloride, Indacrinone, Indapamide, Indecainide Hydrochloride,Indeloxazine Hydrochloride, Indigotindisulfonate Sodium, indinavir,Indocyanine Green, Indolapril Hydrochloride, Indolidan, indometacin,Indomethacin Sodium, Indoprofen, indoramin, Indorenate Hydrochloride,Indoxole, Indriline Hydrochloride, inocoterone, inogatran, inolimomab,Inositol Niacinate, Insulin, interferons, interleukins, Intrazole,Intriptyline Hydrochloride, iobenguane, Iobenzamic Acid, iobitridol,locarmate Meglumine, locarmic Acid, locetamic Acid, Iodamide, Iodine,Iodipamide Meglumine, Iodixanol, iodoamiloride, Iodoantipyrine I 131,Iodocholesterol I 131, iododoxorubicin, Iodohippurate Sodium I 131,Iodopyracet I 125, Iodoquinol, lodoxamate Meglumine, lodoxamie Acid,loglicic Acid, lofetamine Hydrochloride I 123, iofratol, loglucol,loglucomide, loglycamic Acid, logulamide, Iohexol, iomeprol, lomethin I125, Iopamidol, lopanoic Acid, iopentol, Iophendylate, loprocemic Acid,iopromide, lopronic Acid, lopydol, lopydone, iopyrol, losefamic Acid,loseric Acid, Iosulamide Meglumine, Iosumetic Acid, Iotasul, IotetricAcid, Iothalamate Sodium, Iothalamic Acid, iotriside, Iotrolan, IotroxicAcid, Iotyrosine I 131, Ioversol, Ioxaglate Sodium, Ioxaglate Meglumine,loxaglic Acid, ioxilan, loxotrizoic Acid, ipazilide, ipenoxazone,ipidacrine, Ipodate Calcium, ipomeanol, 4-, Ipratropium Bromide,ipriflavone, Iprindole, Iprofenin, Ipronidazole, Iproplatin, IproxamineHydrochloride, ipsapirone, irbesartan, irinotecan, irloxacin, iroplact,irsogladine, Irtemazole, isalsteine, Isamoxole, isbogrel, Isepamicin,isobengazole, Isobutamben, Isocarboxazid, Isoconazole, Isoetharine,isofloxythepin, Isoflupredone Acetate, Isoflurane, Isoflurophate,isohomohalicondrin B, Isoleucine, Isomazole Hydrochloride, IsomylamineHydrochloride, Isoniazid, Isopropamide Iodide, Isopropyl Alcohol,isopropyl unoprostone, Isoproterenol Hydrochloride, Isosorbide,Isosorbide Mononitrate, Isotiquimide, Isotretinoin, Isoxepac, Isoxicam,Isoxsuprine Hydrochloride, isradipine, itameline, itasetron, Itazigrel,itopride, Itraconazole, Ivermectin, jasplakinolide, Josamycin,kahalalide F, Kalafungin, Kanamycin Sulfate, Ketamine Hydrochloride,Ketanserin, Ketazocine, Ketazolam, Kethoxal, Ketipramine Fumarate,Ketoconazole, Ketoprofen, Ketorfanol, ketorolac, Ketotifen Fumarate,Kitasamycin, Labetalol Hydrochloride, Lacidipine, lacidipine, lactitol,lactivicin, laennec, lafutidine, lamellarin-N triacetate, lamifiban,Lamivudine, Lamotrigine, lanoconazole, Lanoxin, lanperisone, lanreotide,Lansoprazole, latanoprost, lateritin, Latuda (lurisadone), laurocapram,Lauryl Isoquinolinium Bromide, Lavoltidine Succinate, lazabemide,Lecimibide, leinamycin, lemildipine, leminoprazole, lenercept,Leniquinsin, lenograstim, Lenperone, lentinan sulfate, leptin,leptolstatin, lercanidipine, Lergotrile, lerisetron, LetimideHydrochloride, letrazuril, letrozole, Leucine, leucomyzin, LeuprolideAcetate, leuprolide+estrogen+progesterone, leuprorelin, LevamfetamineSuccinate, levamisole, Levdobutamine Lactobionate, Leveromakalim,levetiracetam, Leveycloserine, levobetaxolol, levobunolol,levobupivacaine, levocabastine, levocarnitine, Levodopa,levodropropizine, levofloxacin, Levofuraltadone, Levoleucovorin Calcium,Levomethadyl Acetate, Levomethadyl Acetate Hydrochloride, levomoprolol,Levonantradol Hydrochloride, Levonordefrin, Levonorgestrel,Levopropoxyphene Napsylate, Levopropylcillin Potassium, levormeloxifene,Levorphanol Tartrate, levosimendan, levosulpiride, Levothyroxine Sodium,Levoxadrol Hydrochloride, Lexipafant, Lexithromycin, liarozole,Libenzapril, Lidamidine Hydrochloride, Lidocaine, Lidofenin,Lidoflazine, Lifarizine, Lifibrate, Lifibrol, Linarotene, Lincomycin,linear polyamine analogue, Linogliride, Linopirdine, linotroban,linsidomine, lintitript, lintopride, Liothyronine I 125, liothyroninesodium, Liotrix, lirexapride, lisinopril, lissoclinamide 7, LixazinoneSulfate, lobaplatin, Lobenzarit Sodium, Lobucavir, Lodelaben,lodoxamide, Lofemizole Hydrochloride, Lofentanil Oxalate, LofepramineHydrochloride, Lofexidine Hydrochloride, lombricine, Lomefloxacin,lomerizine, Lometraline Hydrochloride, lometrexol, Lomofungin,Lomoxicam, Lomustine, Lonapalene, lonazolac, lonidamine, LoperamideHydrochloride, loracarbef, Lorajmine Hydrochloride, loratadine,Lorazepam, Lorbamate, Lorcainide Hydrochloride, Loreclezole, Loreinadol,lorglumide, Lormetazepam, Lomoxicam, lornoxicam, Lortalamine, Lorzafone,losartan, losigamone, losoxantrone, Losulazine Hydrochloride,loteprednol, lovastatin, loviride, Loxapine, Loxoribine, lubeluzole,Lucanthone Hydrochloride, Lufironil, Lurosetron Mesylate, lurtotecan,luteinizing hormone, lurasidone, lutetium, Lutrelin Acetate, luzindole,Lyapolate Sodium, Lycetamine, lydicamycin, Lydimycin, Lynestrenol,Lypressin, Lysine, lysofylline, lysostaphin, lytic peptides,Maduramicin, Mafenide, magainin 2 amide, Magnesium Salicylate, MagnesiumSulfate, magnolol, maitansine, Malethamer, mallotochromene,mallotojaponin, Malotilate, malotilate, mangafodipir, manidipine,maniwamycin A, Mannitol, mannostatin A, manumycin E, manumycin F,mapinastine, Maprotiline, marimastat, Martek 8708, Martek 92211,Masoprocol, maspin, massetolide, matrilysin inhibitors, Maytansine,Mazapertine Succiniate, Mazindol, Mebendazole, Mebeverine Hydrochloride,Mebrofenin, Mebutamate, Mecamylamine Hydrochloride, MechlorethamineHydrochloride, Meclocycline, Meclofenamate Sodium, Mecloqualone,Meclorisone Dibutyrate, Medazepam Hydrochloride, Medorinone,Medrogestone, Medroxalol, Medroxyprogesterone, Medrysone, MeelizineHydrochloride, Mefenamic Acid, Mefenidil, Mefenorex Hydrochloride,Mefexamide, Mefloquine Hydrochloride, Mefruside, Megalomicin PotassiumPhosphate, Megestrol Acetate, Meglumine, Meglutol, Melengestrol Acetate,Melitracen Hydrochloride, Melphalan, Memotine Hydrochloride, MenabitanHydrochloride, Menoctone, menogaril, Menotropins, Meobentine Sulfate,Mepartricin, Mepenzolate Bromide, Meperidine Hydrochloride,Mephentermine Sulfate, Mephenyloin, Mephobarbital, MepivacaineHydrochloride, Meprobamate, Meptazinol Hydrochloride, Mequidox, MeraleinSodium, merbarone, Mercaptopurine, Mercufenol Chloride, Mercury,Ammoniated, Merisoprol Hg 197, Meropenem, Mesalamine, Meseclazone,Mesoridazine, Mesterolone, Mestranol, Mesuprine Hydrochloride, MetalolHydrochloride, Metaproterenol Polistirex, Metaraminol Bitartrate,Metaxalone, Meteneprost, meterelin, Metformin, Methacholine Chloride,Methacycline, Methadone Hydrochloride, Methadyl Acetate, Methalthiazide,Methamphetamine Hydrochloride, Methaqualone, Methazolamide,Methdilazine, Methenamine, Methenolone Acetate, Methetoin, MethicillinSodium, Methimazole, methioninase, Methionine, Methisazone, MethixeneHydrochloride, Methocarbamol, Methohexital Sodium, Methopholine,Methotrexate, Methotrimeprazine, methoxatone, Methoxyflurane,Methsuximide, Methyclothiazide, Methyl Palmoxirate, MethylatropineNitrate, Methylbenzethonium Chloride, Methyldopa, MethyldopateHydrochloride, Methylene Blue, Methylergonovine Maleate,methylhistamine, R-alpha, methylinosine monophosphate, MethylphenidateHydrochloride, Methylprednisolone, Methyltestosterone, MethynodiolDiacelate, Methysergide, Methysergide Maleate, Metiamide, Metiapine,Metioprim, metipamide, Metipranolol, Metizoline Hydrochloride,Metkephamid Acetate, metoclopramide, Metocurine Iodide, Metogest,Metolazone, Metopimazine, Metoprine, Metoprolol, Metoquizine,metrifonate, Metrizamide, Metrizoate Sodium, Metronidazole, Meturedepa,Metyrapone, Metyrosine, Mexiletine Hydrochloride, Mexrenoate Potassium,Mezlocillin, mfonelic Acid, Mianserin Hydrochloride, mibefradil,Mibefradil Dihydrochloride, Mibolerone, michellamine B, Miconazole,microcolin A, Midaflur, Midazolam Hydrochloride, midodrine,mifepristone, Mifobate, miglitol, milacemide, milameline, mildronate,Milenperone, Milipertine, milnacipran, Milrinone, miltefosine, MimbaneHydrochloride, minaprine, Minaxolone, Minocromil, Minocycline,Minoxidil, Mioflazine Hydrochloride, miokamycin, mipragoside,mirfentanil, mirimostim, Mirincamycin Hydrochloride, Mirisetron Maleate,Mirtazapine, mismatched double stranded RNA, Misonidazole, Misoprostol,Mitindomide, Mitocarcin, Mitocromin, Mitogillin, mitoguazone,mitolactol, Mitomalcin, Mitomycin, mitonafide, Mitosper, Mitotane,mitoxantrone, mivacurium chloride, mivazerol, mixanpril, Mixidine,mizolastine, mizoribine, Moclobemide, modafinil, Modaline Sulfate,Modecainide, moexipril, mofarotene, Mofegiline Hydrochloride, mofezolac,molgramostim, Molinazone, Molindone Hydrochloride, Molsidomine,mometasone, Monatepil Maleate, Monensin, Monoctanoin, MontelukastSodium, montirelin, mopidamol, moracizine, Morantel Tartrate,Moricizine, Morniflumate, Morphine Sulfate, Morrhuate Sodium,mosapramine, mosapride, motilide, Motretinide, Moxalactam Disodium,Moxazocine, moxiraprine, Moxnidazole, moxonidine, Mumps Skin TestAntigen, mustard anticancer agent, Muzolimine, mycaperoxide B,Mycophenolic Acid, myriaporone, Nabazenil, Nabilone, NabitanHydrochloride, Naboctate Hydrochloride, Nabumetone, N-acetyldinaline,Nadide, nadifloxacin, Nadolol, nadroparin calcium, nafadotride,nafamostat, nafarelin, Nafcillin Sodium, Nafenopin, NafimidoneHydrochloride, Naflocort, Nafomine Malate, Nafoxidine Hydrochloride,Nafronyl Oxalate, Naftifine Hydrochloride, naftopidil, naglivan,nagrestip, Nalbuphine Hydrochloride, Naldemedine, Nalidixate Sodium,Nalidixic Acid, nalmefene, Nalmexone Hydrochloride,naloxone+pentazocine, Naltrexone, Namoxyrate, Nandrolone Phenpropionate,Nantradol Hydrochloride, Napactadine Hydrochloride, napadisilate,Napamezole Hydrochloride, napaviin, Naphazoline Hydrochloride,naphterpin, Naproxen, Naproxol, napsagatran, Naranol Hydrochloride,Narasin, naratriptan, nartograstim, nasaruplase, Natamycin, nateplase,Naxagolide Hydrochloride, Nebivolol, Nebramycin, nedaplatin, Nedocromil,Nefazodone Hydrochloride, Neflumozide Hydrochloride, NefopamHydrochloride, Nelezaprine Maleate, Nemazoline Hydrochloride,nemorubicin, Neomycin Palmitate, Neostigmine Bromide, neridronic acid,Netilmicin Sulfate, neutral endopeptidase, Neutramycin, Nevirapine,Nexeridine Hydrochloride, Niacin, Nibroxane, Nicardipine Hydrochloride,Nicergoline, Niclosamide, Nicorandil, Nicotinyl Alcohol, Nifedipine,Nifirmerone, Nifluridide, Nifuradene, Nifuraldezone, Nifuratel,Nifuratrone, Nifurdazil, Nifurimide, Nifurpirinol, Nifurquinazol,Nifurthiazole, nilutamide, Nilvadipine, Nimazone, Nimodipine,niperotidine, niravoline, Niridazole, nisamycin, Nisbuterol Mesylate,nisin, Nisobamate, Nisoldipine, Nisoxetine, Nisterime Acetate,Nitarsone, nitazoxamide, nitecapone, Nitrafudam Hydrochloride,Nitralamine Hydrochloride, Nitramisole Hydrochloride, Nitrazepam,Nitrendipine, Nitrocycline, Nitrodan, Nitrofurantoin, Nitrofurazone,Nitroglycerin, Nitromersol, Nitromide, Nitromifene Citrate, NitrousOxide, nitroxide antioxidant, nitrullyn, Nivazol, Nivimedone Sodium,Nizatidine, Noberastine, Nocodazole, Nogalamycin, Nolinium Bromide,Nomifensine Maleate, Noracymethadol Hydrochloride, Norbolethone,Norepinephrine Bitartrate, Norethindrone, Norethynodrel, Norfloxacin,Norflurane, Norgestimate, Norgestomet, Norgestrel, NortriptylineHydrochloride, Noscapine, Novobiocin Sodium, N-substituted benzaimides,Nufenoxole, Nylestriol, Nystatin, O6-benzylguanine, Obidoxime Chloride,Ocaperidone, Ocfentanil Hydrochloride, Ocinaplon, Octanoic Acid,Octazamide, Octenidine Hydrochloride, Octodrine, Octreotide,Octriptyline Phosphate, Ofloxacin, Oformine, okicenone, Olanzapine,oligonucleotides, olopatadine, olprinone, olsalazine, Olsalazine Sodium,Olvanil, omeprazole, onapristone, ondansetron, Ontazolast, Oocytematuration inhibitor, Opipramol Hydrochloride, oracin, OrconazoleNitrate, Orgotein, Orlislat, Ormaplatin, Ormetoprim, Ornidazole,Orpanoxin, Orphenadrine Citrate, osaterone, otenzepad, Oxacillin Sodium,Oxagrelate, oxaliplatin, Oxamarin Hydrochloride, oxamisole, Oxamniquine,oxandrolone, Oxantel Pamoate, Oxaprotiline Hydrochloride, Oxaprozin,Oxarbazole, Oxatomide, oxaunomycin, Oxazepam, oxcarbazepine, Oxendolone,Oxethazaine, Oxetorone Fumarate, Oxfendazole, Oxfenicine, Oxibendazole,oxiconazole, Oxidopamine, Oxidronic Acid, Oxifungin Hydrochloride,Oxilorphan, Oximonam, Oximonam Sodium, Oxiperomide, oxiracetam,Oxiramide, Oxisuran, Oxmetidine Hydrochloride, oxodipine, OxogestonePhenpropionate, Oxolinic Acid, Oxprenolol Hydrochloride, Oxtriphylline,Oxybutynin Chloride, Oxychlorosene, Oxycodone, OxymetazolineHydrochloride, Oxymetholone, Oxymorphone Hydrochloride, Oxypertine,Oxyphenbutazone, Oxypurinol, Oxytetracycline, Oxytocin, ozagrel,Ozolinone, Paclitaxel, palauamine, Paldimycin, palinavir,palmitoylrhizoxin, Palmoxirate Sodium, pamaqueside, Pamatolol Sulfate,pamicogrel, Pamidronate Disodium, pamidronic acid, Panadiplon,panamesine, panaxytriol, Pancopride, Pancuronium Bromide, panipenem,pannorin, panomifene, pantethine, pantoprazole, PapaverineHydrochloride, parabactin, Parachlorophenol, Paraldehyde, ParamethasoneAcetate, Paranyline Hydrochloride, Parapenzolate Bromide, PararosanilinePamoate, Parbendazole, Parconazole Hydrochloride, Paregoric, PareptideSulfate, Pargyline Hydrochloride, parnaparin sodium, ParomomycinSulfate, Paroxetine, parthenolide, Partricin, Paulomycin, pazelliptine,Pazinaclone, Pazoxide, pazufloxacin, pefloxacin, pegaspargase,Pegorgotein, Pelanserin Hydrochloride, peldesine, Peliomycin, Pelretin,Pelrinone Hydrochloride, Pemedolac, Pemerid Nitrate, pemirolast,Pemoline, Penamecillin, Penbutolol Sulfate, Penciclovir, Penfluridol,Penicillin G Benzathine, Penicillin G Potassium, Penicillin G Procaine,Penicillin G Sodium, Penicillin V, Penicillin V Benzathine, Penicillin VHydrabamine, Penicillin V Potassium, Pentabamate, PentaerythritolTetranitrate, pentafuside, pentamidine, pentamorphone, Pentamustine,Pentapiperium Methylsulfate, Pentazocine, Pentetic Acid, PentiapineMaleate, pentigetide, Pentisomicin, Pentizidone Sodium, Pentobarbital,Pentomone, Pentopril, pentosan, pentostatin, Pentoxifylline,Pentrinitrol, pentrozole, Peplomycin Sulfate, Pepstatin, perflubron,perfofamide, Perfosfamide, pergolide, Perhexiline Maleate, perillylalcohol, Perindopril, perindoprilat, Perlapine, Permethrin, perospirone,Perphenazine, Phenacemide, phenaridine, phenazinomycin, PhenazopyridineHydrochloride, Phenbutazone Sodium Glycerate, Phencarbamide,Phencyclidine Hydrochloride, Phendimetrazine Tartrate, PhenelzineSulfate, Phenmetrazine Hydrochloride, Phenobarbital, PhenoxybenzamineHydrochloride, Phenprocoumon, phenserine, phensuccinal, Phensuximide,Phentermine, Phentermine Hydrochloride, phentolamine mesilate,Phentoxifylline, Phenyl Aminosalicylate, phenylacetate, Phenylalanine,phenylalanyl ketoconazole, Phenylbutazone, Phenylephrine Hydrochloride,Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride, Phenylpropanolamine Polistirex,Phenyramidol Hydrochloride, Phenyloin, phosphatase inhibitors,Physostigmine, picenadol, picibanil, Picotrin Diolamine, picroliv,picumeterol, pidotimod, Pifamine, Pilocarpine, pilsicainide, pimagedine,Pimetine Hydrochloride, pimilprost, Pimobendan, Pimozide, Pinacidil,Pinadoline, Pindolol, pinnenol, pinocebrin, Pinoxepin Hydrochloride,pioglitazone, Pipamperone, Pipazethate, pipecuronium bromide,Piperacetazine, Piperacillin Sodium, Piperamide Maleate, piperazine,Pipobroman, Piposulfan, Pipotiazine Palmitate, Pipoxolan Hydrochloride,Piprozolin, Piquindone Hydrochloride, Piquizil Hydrochloride, Piracetam,Pirandamine Hydrochloride, pirarubicin, Pirazmonam Sodium, Pirazolac,Pirbenicillin Sodium, Pirbuterol Acetate, Pirenperone, PirenzepineHydrochloride, piretamide, Pirfenidone, Piridicillin Sodium, PiridronateSodium, Piriprost, piritrexim, Pirlimycin Hydrochloride, pirlindole,pirmagrel, Pirmenol Hydrochloride, Pirnabine, Piroctone, Pirodavir,pirodomast, Pirogliride Tartrate, Pirolate, Pirolazamide, PiroxantroneHydrochloride, Piroxicam, Piroximone, Pirprofen, Pirquinozol,Pirsidomine, Prenylamine, Pituitary, Posterior, PivampicillinHydrochloride, Pivopril, Pizotyline, placetin A, platinum compounds,platinum-triamine complex, Plicamycin, Plomestane, Pobilukast Edamine,Podofilox, Poisonoak Extract, Poldine Methylsulfate, Poliglusam,Polignate Sodium, Polymyxin B Sulfate, Polythiazide, Ponalrestat,Porfimer Sodium, Porfiromycin, Potassium Chloride, Potassium Iodide,Potassium Permanganate, Povidone-Iodine, Practolol, PralidoximeChloride, Pramiracetam Hydrochloride, Pramoxine Hydrochloride, PranoliumChloride, Pravadoline Maleate, Pravastatin (Pravachol), Prazepam, Prazosin, Prazosin Hydrochloride, Prednazate, Prednicarbate, Prednimustine,Prednisolone, Prednisone, Prednival, Pregnenolone Succiniate,Prenalterol Hydrochloride, Pridefine Hydrochloride, Prifelone,Prilocalne Hydrochloride, Prilosec, Primaquine Phosphate, Primidolol,Primidone, Prinivil, Prinomide Tromethamine, Prinoxodan, PrizidilolHydrochloride, Proadifen Hydrochloride, Probenecid, Probicromil Calcium,Probucol, Procainamide Hydrochloride, Procaine Hydrochloride,Procarbazine Hydrochloride, Procaterol Hydrochloride, Prochlorperazine,Procinonide, Proclonol, Procyclidine Hydrochloride, ProdilidineHydrochloride, Prodolic Acid, Profadol Hydrochloride, Progabide,Progesterone, Proglumide, Proinsulin Human, Proline, ProlintaneHydrochloride, Promazine Hydrochloride, Promethazine Hydrochloride,Propafenone Hydrochloride, propagermanium, Propanidid, PropanthelineBromide, Proparacaine Hydrochloride, Propatyl Nitrate, propentofylline,Propenzolate Hydrochloride, Propikacin, Propiomazine, Propionic Acid,propionylcarnitine, L-, propiram, propiram+paracetamol, propiverine,Propofol, Propoxycaine Hydrochloride, Propoxyphene Hydrochloride,Propranolol Hydrochloride, Propulsid, propyl bis-acridone,Propylhexedrine, Propyliodone, Propylthiouracil, Proquazone, ProrenoatePotassium, Proroxan Hydrochloride, Proscillaridin, Prostalene,prostratin, Protamine Sulfate, protegrin, Protirelin, protosufloxacin,Protriptyline Hydrochloride, Proxazole, Proxazole Citrate, Proxicromil,Proxorphan Tartrate, prulifloxacin, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride,Puromycin, purpurins, Pyrabrom, Pyrantel Pamoate, Pyrazinamide,Pyrazofurin, pyrazoloacridine, Pyridostigmine Bromide, PyrilamineMaleate, Pyrimethamine, Pyrinoline, Pyrithione Sodium, Pyrithione Zinc,Pyrovalerone Hydrochloride, Pyroxamine Maleate, Pyrrocaine, PyrrolipheneHydrochloride, Pyrrolnitrin, Pyrvinium Pamoate, Quadazocine Mesylate,Quazepam, Quazinone, Quazodine, Quazolast, quetiapine, quiflapon,quinagolide, Quinaldine Blue, quinapril, Quinaprilat, QuinazosinHydrochloride, Quinbolone, Quinctolate, Quindecamine Acetate, QuindoniumBromide, Quinelorane Hydrochloride, Quinestrol, Quinfamide, QuingestanolAcetate, Quingestrone, Quinidine Gluconate, Quinielorane Hydrochloride,Quinine Sulfate, Quinpirole Hydrochloride, Quinterenol Sulfate,Quinuclium Bromide, Quinupristin, Quipazine Maleate, Rabeprazole Sodium,Racephenicol, Racepinephrine, raf antagonists, Rafoxamide, Ralitoline,raloxifene, raltitrexed, ramatroban, Ramipril, Ramoplanin, ramosetron,ranelic acid, Ranimycin, Ranitidine, ranolazine, Rauwolfia Serpentina,recainam, Recainam Hydrochloride, Reclazepam, regavirumab, Regramostim,Relaxin, Relomycin, Remacemide Hydrochloride, RemifentanilHydrochloride, Remiprostol, Remoxipride, Repirinast, Repromicin,Reproterol Hydrochloride, Reserpine, resinferatoxin, Resorcinol,retelliptine demethylated, reticulon, reviparin sodium, revizinone,rhenium Re 186 etidronate, rhizoxin, Ribaminol, Ribavirin, Riboprine,ribozymes, ricasetron, Ridogrel, Rifabutin, Rifametane, Rifamexil,Rifamide, Rifampin, Rifapentine, Rifaximin, RH retinamide, rilopirox,Riluzole, rimantadine, Rimcazole Hydrochloride, Rimexolone, RimiterolHydrobromide, rimoprogin, riodipine, Rioprostil, Ripazepam, ripisartan,Risedronate Sodium, risedronic acid, Risocaine, RisotilideHydrochloride, rispenzepine, Risperdal, Risperidone, Ritanserin,ritipenem, Ritodrine, Ritolukast, ritonavir, rizatriptan benzoate,Rocastine Hydrochloride, Rocuronium Bromide, Rodocaine, Roflurane,Rogletimide, rohitukine, rokitamycin, Roletamicide, Rolgamidine,Rolicyprine, Rolipram, Rolitetracycline, Rolodine, Romazarit, romurtide,Ronidazole, ropinirole, Ropitoin Hydrochloride, ropivacaine, Ropizine,roquinimex, Rosaramicin, rosiglitazone, Rosoxacin, Rotoxamine,roxaitidine, Roxarsone, roxindole, roxithromycin, rubiginone B1,ruboxyl, rufloxacin, rupatidine, Rutamycin, ruzadolane, Sabeluzole,safingol, safironil, saintopin, salbutamol, R-Salcolex, SalethamideMaleate, Salicyl Alcohol, Salicylamide, Salicylate Meglumine, SalicylicAcid, Salmeterol, Salnacediin, Salsalate, sameridine, sampatrilat,Sancycline, sanfetrinem, Sanguinarium Chloride, Saperconazole,saprisartan, sapropterin, saquinavir, Sarafloxacin Hydrochloride,Saralasin Acetate, SarCNU, sarcophytol A, sargramostim, Sarmoxicillin,Sarpicillin, sarpogrelate, saruplase, saterinone, satigrel, satumomabpendetide, Schick Test Control, Scopafungin, Scopolamine Hydrobromide,Scrazaipine Hydrochloride, Sdi 1 mimetics, Secalciferol, Secobarbital,Seelzone, Seglitide Acetate, selegiline, Selegiline Hydrochloride,Selenium Sulfide, Selenomethionine Se 75, Selfotel, sematilide,semduramicin, semotiadil, semustine, sense oligonucleotides, SepazoniumChloride, Seperidol Hydrochloride, Seprilose, Seproxetine Hydrochloride,Seractide Acetate, Sergolexole Maleate, Serine, Sermetacin, SermorelinAcetate, sertaconazole, sertindole, sertraline, setiptiline, Setoperone,sevirumab, sevoflurane, sezolamide, Sibopirdine, SibutramineHydrochloride, signal transduction inhibitors, Silandrone, silipide,silteplase, Silver Nitrate, simendan, Simtrazene, Simvastatin,Sincalide, Sinefungin, sinitrodil, sinnabidol, sipatrigine, sirolimus,Sisomicin, Sitogluside, sizofiran, sobuzoxane, Sodium Amylosulfate,Sodium Iodide I 123, Sodium Nitroprusside, Sodium Oxybate, sodiumphenylacetate, Sodium Salicylate, solverol, Solypertine Tartrate,Somalapor, Somantadine Hydrochloride, somatomedin B, somatomedin C,somatrem, somatropin, Somenopor, Somidobove, sonermin, Sorbinil,Sorivudine, sotalol, Soterenol Hydrochloride, Sparfloxacin, SparfosateSodium, sparfosic acid, Sparsomycin, Sparteine Sulfate, SpectinomycinHydrochloride, spicamycin D, Spiperone, Spiradoline Mesylate,Spiramycin, Spirapril Hydrochloride, Spiraprilat, SpirogermaniumHydrochloride, Spiromustine, Spironolactone, Spiroplatin, Spiroxasone,splenopentin, spongistatin 1, Sprodiamide, squalamine, StallimycinHydrochloride, Stannous Pyrophosphate, Stannous Sulfur Colloid,Stanozolol, Statolon, staurosporine, stavudine, Steffimycin, StenboloneAcetate, stepronin, Stilbazium Iodide, Stilonium Iodide, stipiamide,Stiripentol, stobadine, Streptomycin Sulfate, Streptonicozid,Streptonigrin, Streptozocin, stromelysin inhibitors, Strontium ChlorideSr 89, succibun, Succimer, Succinylcholine Chloride, Sucralfate,Sucrosofate Potassium, Sudoxicam, Sufentanil, Sufotidine, Sulazepam,Sulbactam Pivoxil, Sulconazole Nitrate, Sulfabenz, Sulfabenzamide,Sulfacetamide, Sulfacytine, Sulfadiazine, Sulfadoxine, Sulfalene,Sulfamerazine, Sulfameter, Sulfamethazine, Sulfamethizole,Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfamonomethoxine, Sulfamoxole, Sulfanilate Zinc,Sulfanitran, sulfasalazine, Sulfasomizole, Sulfazamet, SulfinalolHydrochloride, sulfinosine, Sulfinpyrazone, Sulfisoxazole, Sulfomyxin,Sulfonterol Hydrochloride, sulfoxamine, Sulinldac, Sulmarin,Sulnidazole, Suloctidil, Sulofenur, sulopenem, Suloxifen Oxalate,Sulpiride, Sulprostone, sultamicillin, Sulthiame, sultopride, sulukast,Sumarotene, sumatriptan, Suncillin Sodium, Suproclone, Suprofen,suradista, suramin, Surfomer, Suricainide Maleate, Suritozole,Suronacrine Maleate, Suxemerid Sulfate, swainsonine, symakalim,Symclosene, Symetine Hydrochloride, synthetic glycosaminoglycans,Taciamine Hydrochloride, Tacrine Hydrochloride, Tacrolimus,Talampicillin Hydrochloride, Taleranol, Talisomycin, tallimustine,Talmetacin, Talniflumate, Talopram Hydrochloride, Talosalate,Tametraline Hydrochloride, Tamoxifen, Tampramine Fumarate, TamsulosinHydrochloride, Tandamine Hydrochloride, tandospirone, tapgen,taprostene, Tasosartan, tauromustine, Taxane, Taxoid, TazadoleneSuccinate, tazanolast, tazarotene, Tazifylline Hydrochloride,Tazobactam, Tazofelone, Tazolol Hydrochloride, Tebufelone, Tebuquine,Technetium Tc 99 m Bicisate, Teclozan, Tecogalan Sodium, Teecleukin,Teflurane, Tegafur, Tegretol, Teicoplanin, telenzepine, tellurapyrylium,telmesteine, telmisartan, telomerase inhibitors, TeloxantroneHydrochloride, Teludipine Hydrochloride, Temafloxacin Hydrochloride,Tematropium Methyl sulfate, Temazepam, Temelastine, temocapril,Temocillin, temoporfin, temozolomide, Tenidap, Teniposide, tenosal,tenoxicam, tepirindole, Tepoxalin, Teprotide, terazosin, Terbinafine,Terbutaline Sulfate, Terconazole, terfenadine, terflavoxate, terguride,Teriparatide Acetate, terlakiren, terlipressin, terodiline, TeroxaleneHydrochloride, Teroxirone, tertatolol, Tesicam, Tesimide, Testolactone,Testosterone, Tetracaine, tetrachlorodecaoxide, Tetracycline,Tetrahydrozoline Hydrochloride, Tetramisole Hydrochloride, TetrazolastMeglumine, tetrazomine, Tetrofosmin, Tetroquinone, Tetroxoprim,Tetrydamine, thaliblastine, Thalidomide, Theofibrate, Theophylline,Thiabendazole, Thiamiprine, Thiamphenicol, Thiamylal, ThiazesimHydrochloride, Thiazinamium Chloride, Thiethylperazine, ThimerfonateSodium, Thimerosal, thiocoraline, thiofedrine, Thioguanine, thiomarinol,Thiopental Sodium, thioperamide, Thioridazine, Thiotepa, Thiothixene,Thiphenamil Hydrochloride, Thiphencillin Potassium, Thiram, Thozalinone,Threonine, Thrombin, thrombopoietin, thrombopoietin mimetic,thymalfasin, thymopoietin receptor agonist, thymotrinan, ThyromedanHydrochloride, Thyroxine 1 125, Thyroxine 1 131, Tiacrilast, TiacrilastSodium, tiagabine, Tiamenidine, tianeptine, tiapafant, TiapamilHydrochloride, Tiaramide Hydrochloride, Tiazofurin, Tibenelast Sodium,Tibolone, Tibric Acid, Ticabesone Propionate, Ticarbodine, TicarcillinCresyl Sodium, Ticlatone, ticlopidine, Ticrynafen, tienoxolol, TifuracSodium, Tigemonam Dicholine, Tigestol, Tiletamine Hydrochloride,Tilidine Hydrochloride, tilisolol, tilnoprofen arbamel, TiloroneHydrochloride, Tiludronate Disodium, tiludronic acid, Timefurone,Timobesone Acetate, Timolol, tin ethyl etiopurpurin, Tinabinol,Timidazole, Tinzaparin Sodium, Tioconazole, Tiodazo sin, TiodoniumChloride, Tioperidone Hydrochloride, Tiopinac, Tiospirone Hydrochloride,Tiotidine, tiotropium bromide, Tioxidazole, Tipentosin Hydrochloride,Tipredane, Tiprenolol Hydrochloride, Tiprinast Meglumine, TipropidilHydrochloride, Tiqueside, Tiquinamide Hydrochloride, tirandalydigin,Tirapazamine, tirilazad, tirofiban, tiropramide, titanocene dichloride,Tixanox, Tixocortol Pivalate, Tizanidine Hydrochloride, Tobramycin,Tocainide, Tocamphyl, Tofenacin Hydrochloride, Tolamolol, Tolazamide,Tolazoline Hydrochloride, Tolbutamide, Tolcapone, Tolciclate, Tolfamide,Tolgabide, lamotrigine, Tolimidone, Tolindate, Tolmetin, Tolnaftate,Tolpovidone 1 131, Tolpyrramide, Tolrestat, Tomelukast, TomoxetineHydrochloride, Tonazocine Mesylate, Topiramate, topotecan, TopotecanHydrochloride, topsentin, Topterone, Toquizine, torasemide, toremifene,Torsemide, Tosifen, Tosufloxacin, totipotent stem cell factor,Tracazolate, trafermin, Tralonide, Tramadol Hydrochloride, TramazolineHydrochloride, trandolapril, Tranexamic Acid, Tranilast, Transcainide,translation inhibitors, traxanox, Trazodone Hydrochloride,Trazodone-HCL, Trebenzomine Hydrochloride, Trefentanil Hydrochloride,Treloxinate, Trepipam Maleate, Trestolone Acetate, tretinoin, Triacetin,triacetyluridine, Triafungin, Triamcinolone, Triampyzine Sulfate,Triamterene, Triazolam, Tribenoside, tricaprilin, Tricetamide,Trichlormethiazide, trichohyalin, triciribine, Tricitrates, Triclofenolpiperazine, Triclofos Sodium, Triclonide, trientine, Trifenagrel,triflavin, Triflocin, Triflubazam, Triflumidate, TrifluoperazineHydrochloride, Trifluperidol, Triflupromazine, TriflupromazineHydrochloride, Trifluridine, Trihexyphenidyl Hydrochloride, Trilostane,Trimazosin Hydrochloride, trimegestone, Trimeprazine Tartrate,Trimethadione, Trimethaphan Camsylate, Trimethobenzamide Hydrochloride,Trimethoprim, Trimetozine, Trimetrexate, Trimipramine, Trimoprostil,Trimoxamine Hydrochloride, Triolein 1 125, Triolein 1 131, TrioxifeneMesylate, Tripamide, Tripelennamine Hydrochloride, TriprolidineHydrochloride, Triptorelin, Trisulfapyrimidines, Troclosene Potassium,troglitazone, Trolamine, Troleandomycin, trombodipine, trometamol,Tropanserin Hydrochloride, Tropicamide, tropine ester, tropisetron,trospectomycin, trovafloxacin, trovirdine, Tryptophan, Tuberculin,Tubocurarine Chloride, Tubulozole Hydrochloride, tucarcsol, tulobuterol,turosteride, Tybamate, tylogenin, Tyropanoate Sodium, Tyrosine,Tyrothricin, tyrphostins, ubenimex, Uldazepam, Undecylenic Acid, UracilMustard, urapidil, Urea, Uredepa, uridine triphosphate, Urofollitropin,Urokinase, Ursodiol, valaciclovir, Valine, Valnoctamide, ValproateSodium, Valproic Acid, valsartan, vamicamide, vanadeine, Vancomycin,vaninolol, Vapiprost Hydrochloride, Vapreotide, variolin B, Vasopressin,Vecuronium Bromide, velaresol, Velnacrine Maleate, venlafaxine,Veradoline Hydrochloride, veramine, Verapamil Hydrochloride, verdins,Verilopam Hydrochloride, Verlukast, Verofylline, veroxan, verteporfin,Vesnarinone, vexibinol, Vidarabine, vigabatrin, ViloxazineHydrochloride, Vinblastine Sulfate, vinburnine citrate, Vincofos,vinconate, Vincristine Sulfate, Vindesine, Vindesine Sulfate, VinepidineSulfate, Vinglycinate Sulfate, Vinleurosine Sulfate, vinorelbine,vinpocetine, vintoperol, vinxaltine, Vinzolidine Sulfate, Viprostol,Virginiamycin, Viridofulvin, Viroxime, vitaxin, Volazocine,voriconazole, vorozole, voxergolide, Warfarin Sodium, Xamoterol,Xanomeline, Xanoxate Sodium, Xanthinol Niacinate, xemilofiban,Xenalipin, Xenbucin, Xilobam, ximoprofen, Xipamide, Xorphanol Mesylate,Xylamidine Tosylate, Xylazine Hydrochloride, XylometazolineHydrochloride, Xylose, yangambin, zabicipril, zacopride, zafirlukast,Zalcitabine, zaleplon, zalospirone, Zaltidine Hydrochloride,zaltoprofen, zanamivir, zankiren, zanoterone, Zantac, Zarirlukast,zatebradine, zatosetron, Zatosetron Maleate, zenarestat, ZenazocineMesylate, Zeniplatin, Zeranol, Zidometacin, Zidovudine, zifrosilone,Zilantel, zilascorb, zileuton, Zimeldine Hydrochloride, ZincUndecylenate, Zindotrine, Zinoconazole Hydrochloride, Zinostatin,Zinterol Hydrochloride, Zinviroxime, ziprasidone, Zobolt, ZofenoprilCalcium, Zofenoprilat, Zolamine Hydrochloride, Zolazepam Hydrochloride,zoledronie acid, Zolertine Hydrochloride, zolmitriptan, zolpidem,Zomepirac Sodium, Zometapine, Zoniclezole Hydrochloride, Zonisamide,zopiclone, Zopolrestat, Zorbamyciin, Zorubicin Hydrochloride, zotepine,Zucapsaicin.

Another pharmaceutical active acceptable for use herein is lumateperone,as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,745,300, 9,708,322, 7,183,282,7,071,186, 6,552,017, 8,648,077, 8,598,119, 9,751,883, 9,371,324,9,315,504, 9,428,506, 8,993,572, 8,309,722, 6,713,471, 8,779,139,9,168,258, RE039680E1, 9616061, 9586960, and in U.S. Patent PublicationNos. 2017114037, 2017183350, 2015072964, 2004034015, 2017189398,2016310502, 2015080404, the aforementioned contents of which areincorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

Further examples of antidiabetic actives include but not limited toJTT-501 (PNU-182716) (Reglitazar), AR-H039242, MCC-555 (Netoglitazone),AR-H049020 Tesaglitazar), CS-011 (CI-1037), GW-409544×, KRP-297,RG-12525, BM-15.2054, CLX-0940, CLX-0921, DRF-2189, GW-1929, GW-9820,LR-90, LY-510929, NIP-221, NIP-223, JTP-20993, LY 29311 Na, FK 614, BMS298585, R 483, TAK 559, DRF 2725 (Ragaglitazar), L-686398, L-168049,L-805645, L-054852, Demethyl asteriquinone B1 (L-783281), L-363586,KRP-297, P32/98, CRE-16336 and EML-16257.

A wide variety of medicaments, bioactive active substances andpharmaceutical compositions may be included in the dosage forms of thepresent invention. Examples of useful drugs include ace-inhibitors,anti-anginal drugs, anti-arrhythmia drugs, anti-asthmatics,anti-cholesterolemics, analgesics, anesthetics, anti-convulsants,anti-depressants, anti-diabetic agents, anti-diarrhea preparations,antidotes, anti-histamines, anti-hypertensive drugs, anti-inflammatoryagents, anti-lipid agents, anti-manics, anti-nauseants, anti-strokeagents, anti-thyroid preparations, anti-tumor drugs, anti-viral agents,acne drugs, alkaloids, amino acid preparations, anti-tussives,antiuricemic drugs, anti-viral drugs, anabolic preparations, systemicand non-systemic anti-infective agents, anti-neoplastics,anti-parkinsonian agents, anti-rheumatic agents, appetite stimulants,biological response modifiers, blood modifiers, bone metabolismregulators, cardiovascular agents, central nervous system stimulates,cholinesterase inhibitors, contraceptives, decongestants, dietarysupplements, dopamine receptor agonists, endometriosis managementagents, erectile dysfunction therapies, fertility agents,gastrointestinal agents, homeopathic remedies, hormones, hypercalcemiaand hypocalcemia management agents, immunomodulators,immunosuppressives, migraine preparations, motion sickness treatments,muscle relaxants, obesity management agents, osteoporosis preparations,oxytocics, parasympatholytics, parasympathomimetics, prostaglandins,psychotherapeutic agents, respiratory agents, sedatives, smokingcessation aids, sympatholytics, tremorso preparations, urinary tractagents, vasodilators, laxatives, antacids, ion exchange resins,anti-pyretics, appetite suppressants, expectorants, anti-anxiety agents,anti-ulcer agents, anti-inflammatory substances, coronary dilators,cerebral dilators, peripheral vasodilators, psycho-tropics, stimulants,anti-hypertensive drugs, vasoconstrictors, migraine treatments,antibiotics, tranquilizers, anti-psychotics, anti-tumor drugs,anti-coagulants, anti-thrombotic drugs, hypnotics, anti-emetics,anti-nauseants, anti-convulsants, neuromuscular drugs, hyper- andhypo-glycemic agents, thyroid and anti-thyroid preparations, diuretics,anti-spasmodics, uterine relaxants, anti-obesity drugs, erythropoieticdrugs, anti-asthmatics, cough suppressants, mucolytics, DNA and geneticmodifying drugs, and combinations thereof.

Controlled Release Dosage Forms

The term “controlled release” is intended to mean the release of activeat a pre-selected or desired rate. This rate will vary depending uponthe application. Desirable rates include fast or immediate releaseprofiles as well as delayed, sustained or sequential release.Combinations of release patterns, such as initial spiked releasefollowed by lower levels of sustained release of active arecontemplated. Pulsed drug releases are also contemplated.

The polymers that are chosen for the dosage forms of the presentinvention may also be chosen to allow for controlled disintegration ofthe active. This may be achieved by providing a substantially waterinsoluble film that incorporates an active that will be released fromthe dosage form over time. This may be accomplished by incorporating avariety of different soluble or insoluble polymers and may also includebiodegradable polymers in combination. Alternatively, coatedcontrolled-release active particles may be incorporated into a readilysoluble film matrix to achieve the controlled-release property of theactive inside the digestive system upon consumption.

Films that provide a controlled-release of the active are particularlyuseful for buccal, gingival, sublingual and vaginal applications. Thefilms of the present invention are particularly useful where mucosalmembranes or mucosal fluid is present due to their ability to readilywet and adhere to these areas.

The convenience of administering a single dose of a medication whichreleases active ingredients in a controlled fashion over an extendedperiod of time as opposed to the administration of a number of singledoses at regular intervals has long been recognized in thepharmaceutical arts. The advantage to the patient and clinician inhaving consistent and uniform blood levels of medication over anextended period of time are likewise recognized. The advantages of avariety of sustained release dosage forms are well known. However, thepreparation of a film that provides the controlled-release of an activehas advantages in addition to those well-known for controlled-releasetablets. For example, thin films are difficult to inadvertently aspirateand provide an increased patient compliance because they need not beswallowed like a tablet. Moreover, certain embodiments of the inventivefilms are designed to adhere to the buccal cavity and tongue, where theycontrollably dissolve. Furthermore, thin films may not be crushed in themanner of controlled release tablets which is a problem leading to abuseof drugs such as Oxycontin.

The actives employed in the present invention may be incorporated intothe film or other dosage-form compositions of the present invention in acontrolled release form. For example, particles of drug may be coatedwith polymers such as ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylate, commerciallyavailable under brand names such as Aquacoat ECD and Eudragit E-100,respectively. Solutions of drug may also be absorbed on such polymermaterials and incorporated into the inventive film compositions. Othercomponents such as fats and waxes, as well as sweeteners and/or flavorsmay also be employed in such controlled release compositions.

The actives may be taste-masked prior to incorporation into the filmcomposition, as set forth in U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2007/0281003, titled, “Polymer Based Films and Drug Delivery SystemsMade Therefrom,” the entire contents of which is incorporated byreference herein. Taste-masking of actives, as disclosed therein, isdescribed herein below.

Particulate Actives Taste-Masking

The active agents employed in the present invention are incorporatedinto the film compositions of the present invention in a taste-masked orcontrolled-release form. Taste-masking is useful to avoid unpleasanttaste effects, such as bitterness, often associated with the activeagents such as pharmaceuticals. In this embodiment, particles of drugmay be coated with taste-masking agents, for example polymers, oils, orwaxes. Additionally, organoleptic agents, such as, but not limited tosweeteners and/or flavors, may also be employed in such taste-maskedcompositions, including in the coating layer of the taste masking agent.In alternative embodiments, the particle coatings impartcontrolled-release, delayed-release, or sustained-releasecharacteristics, delaying the release of active agent from the particlein the mouth or gut of the consumer.

The taste-masked or controlled-release particles may be any usefulorganoleptic agent, cosmetic agent, pharmaceutical agent, orcombinations thereof. Useful organoleptic agents include flavors andsweeteners. Useful cosmetic agents include breath freshening ordecongestant agents, such as menthol, including menthol crystals.

Compositions employing particulate active agents incorporated into filmswith taste-masked coatings are disclosed in PCT application WO2003/030883, titled “Uniform Films For Rapid Dissolve Dosage FormIncorporating Taste-Masking Compositions,” the entire subject matter ofwhich is incorporated by reference herein. As used in this application,any reference to taste-masking by coating particulate active agentsshould also be understood to encompass controlled-release coatings ofparticulate active agents.

An important consideration for the film based drug delivery compositionsinvolving a controlled-release or taste-mask particle technology is thatthe drug containing particles remain chemically stable and do notrelease the active drug during the mixing and film forming operations ofthe manufacturing process. Accordingly, with respect to films formed bya wet casting method, the controlled-release or taste-mask particlecompositions should be sufficiently stable in the mixer prior to thefilm forming steps, and the casting and drying steps, so that theparticles remain intact in the finished product. In the hot meltextrusion film manufacturing process, the particles must be stable inthe extrusion apparatus and any subsequent steps, so that the particlesremain intact in the finished product.

In one embodiment, the taste-masking or controlled-release agent is athin film coating over a particulate bioeffecting agent. Useful coatingsin this embodiment include polymeric and non-polymeric materials.

Non-limiting examples of polymers include acrylic polymers, cellulosicpolymers or vinyl polymers. Non-limiting examples of non-polymericmaterials include crown ethers, fully hydrogenated oils and waxes.Moreover, the taste masking agents may be water soluble, water insolubleor partially water soluble.

For example, the coating material may be carboxymethyl cellulose; methylcellulose; ethyl cellulose; hydroxyl methyl cellulose; hydroxyethylcellulose; hydroxypropyl cellulose; hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose;hydroxymethylpropyl cellulose; gum arabic; xanthan gum; tragacanth;acacia; carageenan; guar gum; locust bean gum; pectin; alginates;gelatinized, modified or unmodified starch, including tapioca starch,rice starch, corn starch, potato starch, and wheat starch; polyvinylalcohol; polyacrylic acid; polyvinyl pyrrolidone; poly(meth)acrylate;poly(meth)copolymers; dextrin; dextran; proteins, such as, gelatin,zein, gluten, soy protein, soy protein isolate, and whey protein; wheyprotein isolate; casein; levin; collagen; chitin; chitosin; polydextroseand combinations thereof.

Useful acrylic polymers include those available under the trade nameEudragit® from Rohm America, LLC, such as methacrylic acid co-polymerssold under the trade names Eudragit E®, Eudragit L®, Eudragit RD® andEudragit S®, and polyethylacrylate-methylmethacrylate sold under thetrade name, Eudragit NE®. These acrylic polymers are generally watersoluble materials.

Useful cellulosic polymers include alkylcelluloses such as methyl orethyl cellulose, and hydroxyalkylcelluloses, such as hydroxylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose,hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxymethylpropyl cellulose, andcombinations thereof. Useful alkylcelluloses include those sold underthe trade names Methocel E™ by Dow Chemicals. Additionally, usefulethylcelluloses are commercially available commercially available fromFMC Corporation under brand name Aquacoat ECD. These polymers aregenerally water soluble materials.

Moreover, the pharmaceutically active agents may be sprayed andcongealed with fully hydrogenated oils or waxes considered safe forhuman consumption and are relatively stable. Useful, but non-limiting,pharmaceutically acceptable oils include mineral oil, peanut oil,soybean oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, olive oil, hard palm oil andrapeseed oil.

Furthermore, crown ether compounds, such as cyclodextrins, are alsouseful for coating the pharmaceutically active agents. Thepharmaceutically active agents are taste masked with crown ethersthrough entrapment or coaccervation methods. Useful cyclodextrins arecommercially available under the trade name of Trappsol® from CTD, Inc.

In some embodiments, the aforementioned polymeric coatings that affecttaste masking may be desirable over complexation with ion exchangeresins, as has been disclosed in, for example, European Patent No.EP1267829 B1, because of the high drug loadings that are possible withthe polymeric coatings as compared to complexation with ion exchangeresins. Despite allegations to the contrary, we have found the highestuseful drug loading on an ion exchange resin is about 30% by weight. Bycontrast, the particle coating of this invention can be used with 50-95%drug loading, meaning that a taste-masked particle can contain up toabout 95% by weight active and as little as 5% by weight taste-maskingpolymer. This is a substantially greater drug loading than known ionexchange resins, and very important given the limited size and weight ofa film dosage unit, in which maximizing drug loading into a uniform filmis an important consideration.

In some embodiments, the taste-masking or control-release agent may bepresent in the amount of about 5-80% by weight of the particle. Inanother embodiment, the taste-masking agent is present in the amount ofabout 5-60% by weight of the particle. In yet another embodiment, thetaste-masking agent is present in the amount of about 25-35% by weightof the particle. The precise loading of drug in the taste-mask coatedparticle is a function of many parameters, including the drug, thecoating, and any flavors present in the particle or the film formingmatrix.

Pharmaceutically active agents may be taste-masked with theabove-described taste-masking agents by a variety of techniques. Thetechniques coat the pharmaceutically active agents or portions of thepharmaceutically active agents with taste-masking agents to avoidunpleasant taste effects, such as bitterness, often associated with thepharmaceutically active agents or drugs. Useful coating techniquesinclude, but are not limited to, fluidized bed coating, spray congealingcoating, agglomeration or granulation coating, entrapment coating,coaccervation coating, infusion coating, spin coating, ion exchangecoating and the like.

The fluidized bed coating method is commonly used in pharmaceuticalindustries for taste masking pharmaceutically active agents. Fluidizedbed coaters achieve fluidization of the pharmaceutically active agentsby introducing a continuous stream of process gas into a chamber. Thecoating material is deposited onto the suspended agent as it passesthrough the spray path of the coating material. The coated agent isdried. A relative low water solubility polymer is typically used to coatthe active particles' surface. Minimum limits on particle sizes areabout 100 to 120 microns. Smaller particle sizes are difficult toachieve due to process limitation and product loss. Water insolublepharmaceutically active agents may be suitable coated with water solubletaste masking agents with this method.

In the spray congealing method both the pharmaceutically active agentsand the coating materials are sprayed simultaneously into a chambersupplied with process gas to create a uniformly coated active. Thismethod typically involves the coating of the actives with material thatcould be melted at reasonable temperatures, for example fatty materialsor polymers such as certain Eudragit® polymers. The mix of materials aresprayed through a fine nozzle and cooled through a temperature-controlair stream or a cold surface. Consideration of mixture temperature isimportant. The melting temperature of the coating agent selected shouldnot exceed a degradation temperature of the pharmaceutically activeagent.

In the agglomeration or granulation method, the pharmaceutically activeagents are mixed with the taste-masking agents and a solvent bymechanical means or by spray drying. The solvent is gradually removed byvacuum or heating, or both. Particles are then agglomerated. Theagglomerated particles are not typically coated entirely with the tastemasking agent and some bitterness may result accordingly. Thebitterness, however, may be further reduced by incorporating such coatedparticles in the films of the present invention.

In typical entrapment coating methods, certain compounds having specificproperties that can trap pharmaceutically active agents into itsmolecule cages must first be selected. Compounds, like certainspecifically made starches and crown ether type molecules, such ascyclodextrins and zeolites, are useful with this method. The compoundsand the agents are entrapped by ionic attraction. The entrapped agentsare then precipitated from solution.

The coaccervation coating method uses two polymers with opposite chargesin solution. When the solution is neutralized an insoluble matrix willprecipitate from solution and trap the pharmaceutically active agentstherein. Examples include interactions of gum arabic and gelatinsolutions and interactions of cyclodextrins and protein solutions.

In the infusion method pharmaceutically active agents and flavors orsweeteners are dissolved and infused into a polymer matrix to form a drypowder. In spin coating methods, pharmaceutically active agents arecombined with sugars or fats and spun into coated particles. Details ofthe method are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,028,632, the contents ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference. In ion exchange coating,ionic bonding of pharmaceutically active agents to ion exchange resinsmasks the tastes of the agents.

Extrusion and spheronization methods may also be used for taste-maskingpharmaceutically active particulates. Ratios of active(s) and polymer(s)(such as, starch, cellulose, gum and/or combinations thereof) are firstmixed and thicken by adding a small amount of water. The thickenedmixture is then extruded through a single or double nozzle screw. Smallspherical particles are formed by a Marumerization® process. Desirableparticle sizes are obtained through process control and particulatesieving.

Lyophilization (Freeze-Drying) methods may also be used with thepractice of the present invention A combination of polymer(s) (such as,starch, gum, cellulose and/or combinations thereof) with active(s) aremixed and dissolved (or dispersed) in aqueous medium. This mixture isthen freeze-dried on a pre-form substrate. Desirable particles sizes canbe obtained by process control and product sieving.

In some instances, taste-masking may amount to the addition of twocomponents together, neither of which are particularly pleasing to thetaste, but which, due to their chemical makeup, counteract each other orallow for a third substance or more of one of the substances to be addedwithout a concomitant reduction in pleasantness of the taste.

The edible water-soluble delivery system of the present inventionfurther includes one or more members selected from antifoaming agents,plasticizing agents, surfactants, emulsifying agents, thickening agents,binding agents, cooling agents, saliva-stimulating agents, sweeteningagents, antimicrobial agents, antigens and combinations thereof.

The particles used in the present invention desirably have a particlesize of less than about 200 microns and the taste-masking agent ispresent in amounts of about 15-80% by weight of the particle. A particlesize of about 150 microns or less is also useful. Desirably, theparticle size of the particle is about 100 microns or less. Desirably,the thickness of the film is less than about 380 microns, for example,less than about 250 microns. Furthermore, the taste-masking agent may bepresent in the amount of about 20-60% by weight of the particle.Desirably, the taste-masking agent is present in the amount of about25-35% by weight of the particle.

In some embodiments, the particulate bioeffecting agent coated with ataste-masking or controlled-release polymer may have a particle size ofbetween 50 to 250 microns. Desirably, the size of the combinedparticulate and taste-masking agent have a particle size of 150 micronsor less, for example 100 microns or less. Particle sizes less than 50microns may be unsuitable in some embodiments because it is inefficientto coat such small particles due to the large surface area.

Particle sizes of greater than 250 microns may be unsuitable in someembodiments because the larger particles can “bridge” during the filmforming process, meaning that the particle can extend from the bottomsurface to the top surface of the film, or even protrude beyond thesurface of the film. Such bridging may cause streaking andnon-uniformity of the finished film. Any protruding particles also maybe subject to environmental stresses and premature decomposition,leading to non-uniformity of dosing.

The aforementioned particles may be spherical, substantially spherical,or non-spherical, such as irregularly shaped particles or ellipsoidallyshaped particles. Ellipsoidally shaped particles or ellipsoids areespecially desirable because of their ability to maintain uniformity inthe film forming matrix as they tend to settle to a lesser degree ascompared to spherical particles.

When an active agent is present in the film, the amount of active perunit area is determined by the uniform distribution of the film. Forexample, when the films are cut into individual dosage forms, the amountof the active in the dosage form can be known with a great deal ofaccuracy. This is achieved because the amount of the active in a givenarea is substantially identical to the amount of active in an area ofthe same dimensions in another part of the film. The accuracy in dosageis particularly advantageous when the active is a medicament, i.e., adrug.

The uniformity is determined by the presence of no more than a 10% byweight of drug variance throughout the matrix. Desirably, the drugvariance is less than 5% by weight, less than 2% by weight, less than 1%by weight, or less than 0.5% by weight. Moreover, the particulates havea particle size of 200 microns or less. Furthermore, the film matrixdesirably has a thickness of less than about 380 microns.

Additives

A variety of additives that can be incorporated into the inventivecompositions may provide a variety of different functions. Examples ofclasses of additives include excipients, lubricants, buffering agents,stabilizers, blowing agents, pigments, coloring agents, fillers, bulkingagents, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, fragrances, releasemodifiers, adjuvants, plasticizers, flow accelerators, mold releaseagents, polyols, granulating agents, diluents, binders, buffers,absorbents, glidants, adhesives, anti-adherents, acidulants, softeners,resins, demulcents, solvents, surfactants, emulsifiers, elastomers andmixtures thereof. These additives may be added prior to or along withthe active ingredient(s).

Flavors

Flavors may be chosen from natural and synthetic flavoring liquids. Anillustrative list of such agents includes volatile oils, syntheticflavor oils, flavoring aromatics, oils, liquids, oleoresins or extractsderived from plants, leaves, flowers, fruits, stems and combinationsthereof. A non-limiting representative list of examples includes mintoils, cocoa, and citrus oils such as lemon, orange, grape, lime andgrapefruit and fruit essences including apple, pear, peach, grape,strawberry, raspberry, cherry, plum, pineapple, apricot or other fruitflavors.

Useful flavors or flavoring agents include natural and artificialflavors. These flavorings may be chosen from synthetic flavor oils andflavoring aromatics, and/or oils, oleo resins and extracts derived fromplants, leaves, flowers, fruits and so forth, and combinations thereof.Non-limiting flavor oils include: spearmint oil, cinnamon oil,peppermint oil, clove oil, bay oil, thyme oil, cedar leaf oil, oil ofnutmeg, oil of sage, and oil of bitter almonds. Also useful areartificial, natural or synthetic fruit flavors such as vanilla,chocolate, coffee, cocoa and citrus oil, including lemon, orange, grape,lime and grapefruit, and fruit essences including apple, pear, peach,strawberry, raspberry, cherry, plum, pineapple, apricot and the like.These flavorings can be used individually or in combination. Commonlyused flavors include mints such as peppermint, artificial vanilla,cinnamon derivatives, and various fruit flavors, whether employedindividually or in combination. Flavorings such as aldehydes and estersincluding cinnamylacetate, cinnamaldehyde, citral, diethylacetal,dihydrocarvyl acetate, eugenyl formate, p-methylanisole, and the likemay also be used. Further examples of aldehyde flavorings include, butare not limited to acetaldehyde (apple); benzaldehyde (cherry, almond);cinnamicaldehyde (cinnamon); citral, i.e., alpha citral (lemon, lime);neral, i.e. beta citral (lemon, lime); decanal (orange, lemon); ethylvanillin (vanilla, cream); heliotropine, i.e., piperonal (vanilla,cream); vanillin (vanilla, cream); alpha-amyl cinnamaldehyde (spicyfruity flavors); butyraldehyde (butter, cheese); valeraldehyde (butter,cheese); citronellal (modifies, many types); decanal (citrus fruits);aldehyde C-8 (citrus fruits); aldehyde C-9 (citrus fruits); aldehydeC-12 (citrus fruits); 2-ethyl butyraldehyde (berry fruits); hexenal,i.e. trans-2 (berry fruits); tolyl aldehyde (cherry, almond);veratraldehyde (vanilla); 12,6-dimethyl-5-heptenal, i.e. melonal(melon); 2 dimethyloctanal (greenfruit); and 2-dodecenal (citrus,mandarin); cherry; grape; mixtures thereof; and the like.

Other useful flavorings include aldehydes and esters such asbenzaldehyde (cherry, almond), citral i.e., alphacitral (lemon, lime),neral, i.e., beta-citral (lemon, lime), decanal (orange, lemon),aldehyde C-8 (citrus fruits), aldehyde C-9 (citrus fruits), aldehydeC-12 (citrus fruits), tolyl aldehyde (cherry, almond),2,6-dimethyloctanol (green fruit), and 2-dodecenal (citrus, mandarin),combinations thereof and the like.

The amount of flavoring employed is normally a matter of preference,subject to such factors as flavor type, individual flavor, and strengthdesired. The amount may be varied in order to obtain the result desiredin the final product. Such variations are within the capabilities ofthose skilled in the art without the need for undue experimentation. Ingeneral, amounts of about 0.1 to about 30 wt % are useful with thepractice of the present invention.

Sweeteners

Suitable sweeteners include both natural and artificial sweeteners.Non-limiting examples of suitable sweeteners include, e.g.:water-soluble sweetening agents such as monosaccharides, disaccharidesand polysaccharides such as xylose, ribose, glucose (dextrose), mannose,galactose, fructose (levulose), sucrose (sugar), high fructose cornsyrup, maltose, invert sugar (a mixture of fructose and glucose derivedfrom sucrose), partially hydrolyzed starch, corn syrup solids, anddihydrochalcones; water-soluble artificial sweeteners such as thesoluble saccharin salts, i.e., sodium or calcium saccharin salts,cyclamate salts, the sodium, ammonium or calcium salt of3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazine-4-one-2,2-dioxide, the potassiumsalt of 3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazine-4-one-2,2-dioxide(acesulfame-K), the free acid form of saccharin and the like; dipeptidebased sweeteners, such as L-aspartic acid derived sweeteners, such asL-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester (aspartame),L-alpha-aspartyl-N-(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-thietanyl)-D-alaninamidehydrate, methyl esters of L-aspartyl-L-phenylglycerin andL-aspartyl-L-2,5,dihydrophenylglycine,L-aspartyl-2,5-dihydro-L-phenylalanine,L-aspartyl-L-(1-cyclohexyen)-alanine, and the like; water-solublesweeteners derived from naturally occurring water-soluble sweeteners,such as a chlorinated derivatives of ordinary sugar (sucrose), known,for example, as sucralose; and protein based sweeteners such asthaurnatoccous danielli (Thaurnatin I and II). Naturally occurring highintensity sweeteners, such as Lo Han Kuo, stevia, steviosides, monellin,and glycyrrhizin, may also be used.

In general, an effective amount of auxiliary sweetener is utilized toprovide the level of sweetness desired for a particular composition, andthis amount will vary with the sweetener selected. This amount willnormally be 0.01% to about 10% by weight of the composition. Theseamounts may be used to achieve a desired level of sweetness independentfrom the flavor level achieved from any optional flavor oils used. Ofcourse, sweeteners need not be added to films intended for non-oraladministration.

Colors

Color additives useful in this invention include food, drug and cosmeticcolors (FD&C), drug and cosmetic colors (D&C), or external drug andcosmetic colors (Ext. D&C). These colors are dyes, their correspondinglakes, and certain natural and derived colorants. Lakes are dyesabsorbed on aluminum hydroxide.

Other examples of coloring agents include known azo dyes, organic orinorganic pigments, or coloring agents of natural origin. Inorganicpigments are preferred, such as the oxides or iron or titanium, theseoxides, being added in concentrations ranging from about 0.001 to about10%, and preferably about 0.5 to about 3%, based on the weight of allthe components.

The illustrations of embodiments of the invention described herein areintended to provide a general understanding of the structure of thevarious embodiments, and they are not intended to serve as a completedescription of all the elements and features of apparatus and systemsthat might make use of the structures described herein. Many otherembodiments will become apparent to those of skill in the art given theteachings herein. Other embodiments are utilized and derived therefrom,such that structural and logical substitutions and changes are madewithout departing from the scope of this disclosure. Figures are alsomerely representational and are not necessarily drawn to scale. Certainproportions thereof may be exaggerated, while others diminished in orderto facilitate an explanation of the embodiments of the invention.Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in anillustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

Such embodiments of the inventive subject matter are referred to herein,individually and/or collectively, by the term “embodiment” merely forconvenience and without intending to voluntarily limit the scope of thisapplication to any single embodiment or inventive concept if more thanone is in fact shown. Thus, although specific embodiments have beenillustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that anyarrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose are substituted forthe specific embodiments shown. This disclosure is intended to cover anyand all adaptations or variations of various embodiments. Combinationsof the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specificallydescribed herein, will be apparent to those of skill in the art uponreviewing the above description.

In the foregoing description of the embodiments, various features aregrouped together in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamliningthe disclosure. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted asreflecting that the claimed embodiments have more features than areexpressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claimsreflect, inventive subject matter lies in less than all features of asingle embodiment. Thus the following claims are hereby incorporatedinto the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as aseparate example embodiment.

EXPERIMENTAL Example 1

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a machine in the form of acomputing system 100, within which is a set of instructions 102 that,when executed, cause the machine to perform any one or more of themethodologies according to embodiments of the invention. In someembodiments, the machine operates as a standalone device. In someembodiments, the machine is connected (e.g., via a network 122) to othermachines. In a networked implementation, the machine operates in thecapacity of a server or a client user machine in a server-client usernetwork environment. Exemplary implementations of the machine ascontemplated by the invention include, but are not limited to, a servercomputer, client user computer, personal computer (PC), tablet PC,Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), cellular telephone, mobile device,palmtop computer, laptop computer, desktop computer, communicationdevice, personal trusted device, web appliance, network router, switchor bridge, or any machine capable of executing a set of instructions(sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by thatmachine.

The computing system 100 includes a processing device(s) 104 (e.g., acentral processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), orboth), program memory device(s) 106, and data memory device(s) 108,which communicate with each other via a bus 110. The computing system100 further includes display device(s) 112 (e.g., liquid crystalsdisplay (LCD), flat panel, solid-state display, or cathode ray tube(CRT)). The computing system 100 includes input device(s) 116 (e.g., akeyboard), cursor control device(s) 126 (e.g., a mouse), disk driveunit(s) 114, signal generation device(s) 118 (e.g., a speaker or remotecontrol), and network interface device(s) 124, operatively coupledtogether, and/or with other functional blocks, via bus 110. The diskdrive unit(s) 114 includes machine-readable medium(s) 120, on which isstored one or more sets of instructions 102 (e.g., software) embodyingany one or more of the methodologies or functions herein, includingthose methods illustrated herein. The instructions 102 also reside,completely or at least partially, within the program memory device(s)106, the data memory device(s) 108, and/or the processing device(s) 104during execution thereof by the computing system 100. The program memorydevice(s) 106 and the processing device(s) 104 also constitutemachine-readable media. Dedicated hardware implementations, such as butnot limited to application specific integrated circuits, programmablelogic arrays, and other hardware devices can likewise be constructed toimplement the methods described herein. Applications that include theapparatus and systems of various embodiments broadly comprise a varietyof electronic and computer systems. Some embodiments implement functionsin two or more specific interconnected hardware modules or devices withrelated control and data signals communicated between and through themodules, or as portions of an application-specific integrated circuit.Thus, the example system is applicable to software, firmware, andhardware implementations.

In accordance with various embodiments, the methods, functions or logicdescribed herein is implemented as one or more software programs runningon a computer processor. Dedicated hardware implementations including,but not limited to, application specific integrated circuits,programmable logic arrays and other hardware devices can likewise beconstructed to implement the methods described herein. Further,alternative software implementations including, but not limited to,distributed processing or component/object distributed processing,parallel processing, or virtual machine processing can also beconstructed to implement the methods, functions or logic describedherein.

The embodiment contemplates a machine-readable medium orcomputer-readable medium containing instructions 102, or that whichreceives and executes instructions 102 from a propagated signal so thata device connected to a network environment 122 can send or receivevoice, video or data, and to communicate over the network 122 using theinstructions 102. The instructions 102 are further transmitted orreceived over the network 122 via the network interface device(s) 124.The machine-readable medium also contains a data structure for storingdata useful in providing a functional relationship between the data anda machine or computer in an illustrative embodiment of the systems andmethods herein.

While the machine-readable medium 120 is shown in an example embodimentto be a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” should betaken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralizedor distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) thatstore the one or more sets of instructions. The term “machine-readablemedium” shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable ofstoring, encoding, or carrying a set of instructions for execution bythe machine and that cause the machine to perform anyone or more of themethodologies of the embodiment. The term “machine-readable medium”shall accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to:solid-state memories such as a memory card or other package that housesone or more read-only (non-volatile) memories, random access memories,or other re-writable (volatile) memories; magneto-optical or opticalmedium such as a disk or tape; and/or a digital file attachment toe-mail or other self-contained information archive or set of archives isconsidered a distribution medium equivalent to a tangible storagemedium. Accordingly, the embodiment is considered to include anyone ormore of a tangible machine-readable medium or a tangible distributionmedium, as listed herein and including art-recognized equivalents andsuccessor media, in which the software implementations herein arestored.

It should also be noted that software, which implements the methods,functions or logic herein, are optionally stored on a tangible storagemedium, such as: a magnetic medium, such as a disk or tape; amagneto-optical or optical medium, such as a disk; or a solid statemedium, such as a memory card or other package that houses one or moreread-only (non-volatile) memories, random access memories, or otherre-writable (volatile) memories. A digital file attachment to e-mail orother self-contained information archive or set of archives isconsidered a distribution medium equivalent to a tangible storagemedium. Accordingly, the disclosure is considered to include a tangiblestorage medium or distribution medium as listed herein and otherequivalents and successor media, in which the software implementationsherein are stored.

As previously stated, although the specification describes componentsand functions implemented in accordance with embodiments of theinvention with reference to particular standards and protocols, theembodiments are not limited to such standards and protocols.

The Abstract is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. § 1.72(b), whichrequires an abstract that will allow the reader to quickly ascertain thenature of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with theunderstanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scopeor meaning of the claims. In addition, in the foregoing DetailedDescription, it can be seen that various features are grouped togetherin a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure.This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting anintention that the claimed embodiments require more features than areexpressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claimsreflect, inventive subject matter lies in less than all features of asingle embodiment. Thus the following claims are hereby incorporatedinto the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own asseparately claimed subject matter.

Although specific example embodiments have been described, it will beevident that various modifications and changes are made to theseembodiments without departing from the broader scope of the inventivesubject matter described herein. Accordingly, the specification anddrawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictivesense. The accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, show by way ofillustration, and without limitation, specific embodiments in which thesubject matter are practiced. The embodiments illustrated are describedin sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice theteachings herein. Other embodiments are utilized and derived therefrom,such that structural and logical substitutions and changes are madewithout departing from the scope of this disclosure. This DetailedDescription, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and thescope of various embodiments is defined only by the appended claims,along with the full range of equivalents to which such claims areentitled.

Given the teachings of the invention provided herein, one of ordinaryskill in the art will be able to contemplate other implementations andapplications of the techniques of the invention. Although illustrativeembodiments of the invention have been described herein with referenceto the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the inventionis not limited to those precise embodiments, and that various otherchanges and modifications are made therein by one skilled in the artwithout departing from the scope of the appended claims.

1.-23. (canceled)
 24. A method of producing a personalized IUDcontaining an active for an individual, the method comprising: a)obtaining biometric measurements relating to the health of theindividual; b) transmitting the biometric measurements to a manufacturerof medical or prescription products; c) manufacturing the IUD inaccordance with a medical prescription specific to the individual; andd) delivering the IUD made in accordance with the medical prescriptionto the individual.
 25. The method of claim 24, further including thestep of electronically transmitting the biometric measurements of theindividual to a medical professional authorized to write the medicalprescription, prior to the step of transmitting the biometricmeasurements to the manufacturer.
 26. The method of claim 25, furtherincluding the step of electronically transmitting the medicalprescription to the manufacturer, prior to the step of manufacturing theIUD.
 27. The method of claim 26, further including the step ofelectronically verifying insurance membership and determining insurancecoverage of the individual, prior to the step of transmitting themedical prescription to the manufacturer.
 28. The method of claim 24,wherein the step of manufacturing the IUD comprises using an apparatusselected from the group consisting of: a film-forming assembly, acapsule-filling assembly, a tablet-forming assembly, a tablet-coatingassembly, a blending (mixing) assembly, a powder-forming assembly, agranulating assembly, a spray-drying assembly, an extruder assembly, acompounding assembly, a packaging assembly, a labeling assembly, anembossing assembly, a scoring assembly a quality control assembly andany combination thereof.
 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the step ofmanufacturing the IUD includes adding the active to a carrier matrix.30. The method of claim 29, wherein the IUD is a film.
 31. The method ofclaim 28, wherein the step of manufacturing the IUD further includes thestep of forming the IUD in one or more individual wells.
 32. The methodof claim 29, wherein the step of manufacturing the IUD further includesthe step of adding the active to an already formed IUD.
 33. The methodof 30, wherein the film is multi-layered and the active is incorporatedin a second film layer.
 34. The method of claim 32, wherein the activeis coated onto the IUD.
 35. The method of claim 32, wherein the activeis sprayed onto the IUD.
 36. The method of claim 32, wherein the activeis deposited onto the IUD.
 37. The method of claim 32, wherein theactive is printed onto the IUD.
 38. The method of claim 24, wherein theIUD is a dosage form selected from the group consisting of: films,wafers, capsules, tablets, suspensions, solutions, ointments, patches,creams, gels, troches, ampules, vials, syrups, tinctures, spirits,lozenges, balms, liniments, injections and combinations thereof.
 39. Themethod of claim 24, further including the steps of packaging themanufactured IUD and labeling the package with an amount of active perIUD, prior to delivering the IUD.
 40. The method of claim 38, whereinthe IUD contains an amount of active that is within about 10% of theamount printed on the package label.
 41. The method of claim 24, whereinthe active is selected from the group consisting of: small molecules,macromolecules, biologics, microorganisms, allergens, enzymes, andcombinations thereof.
 42. The method of claim 24, wherein the active isa pharmaceutical or bioactive substance selected from the groupconsisting of ace-inhibitors, anti-anginal drugs, anti-arrhythmia drugs,anti-asthmatics, anti-cholesterolemics, analgesics, anesthetics,anti-convulsants, anti-depressants, anti-diabetic agents, anti-diarrheapreparations, antidotes, anti-histamines, anti-hypertensive drugs,anti-inflammatory agents, anti-lipid agents, anti-manics,anti-nauseants, anti-stroke agents, anti-thyroid preparations,anti-tumor drugs, anti-viral agents, acne drugs, alkaloids, amino acidpreparations, anti-tussives, antiuricemic drugs, anti-viral drugs,anabolic preparations, systemic and non-systemic anti-infective agents,anti-neoplastics, anti-parkinsonian agents, anti-rheumatic agents,appetite stimulants, biological response modifiers, blood modifiers,bone metabolism regulators, cardiovascular agents, central nervoussystem stimulates, cholinesterase inhibitors, contraceptives,decongestants, dietary supplements, dopamine receptor agonists,endometriosis management agents, erectile dysfunction therapies,fertility agents, gastrointestinal agents, homeopathic remedies,hormones, hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia management agents,immunomodulators, immunosuppressives, migraine preparations, motionsickness treatments, muscle relaxants, obesity management agents,osteoporosis preparations, oxytocics, parasympatholytics,parasympathomimetics, prostaglandins, psychotherapeutic agents,respiratory agents, sedatives, smoking cessation aids, sympatholytics,tremorso preparations, urinary tract agents, vasodilators, laxatives,antacids, ion exchange resins, anti-pyretics, appetite suppressants,expectorants, anti-anxiety agents, anti-ulcer agents, anti-inflammatorysubstances, coronary dilators, cerebral dilators, peripheralvasodilators, psycho-tropics, stimulants, anti-hypertensive drugs,vasoconstrictors, migraine treatments, antibiotics, tranquilizers,anti-psychotics, anti-tumor drugs, anti-coagulants, anti-thromboticdrugs, hypnotics, anti-emetics, anti-nauseants, anti-convulsants,neuromuscular drugs, hyper- and hypo-glycemic agents, thyroid andanti-thyroid preparations, diuretics, anti-spasmodics, uterinerelaxants, anti-obesity drugs, erythropoietic drugs, anti-asthmatics,cough suppressants, mucolytics, DNA and genetic modifying drugs, andcombinations thereof.
 43. The method of claim 24, wherein delivery is byprivate courier, federal express, drone, UPS, or national mail service.44. The method of claim 24, wherein manufacturing the IUD comprises thesteps of: i) providing a carrier matrix; ii) combining the carriermatrix with the active; iii) forming the IUD as set forth in the medicalprescription; and iv) packaging the IUD for delivery to the individual.45. The method of claim 44, wherein the carrier matrix is in the form ofa film or a sheet.
 46. The method of claim 44, wherein the carriermatrix is provided in multiple units, wherein each unit contains theamount of carrier matrix in accordance with the medical prescription.47. The method of claim 46, wherein the multiple units of carrier matrixare cut from a film or a sheet.
 48. The method of claim 46, wherein eachof the multiple units of carrier matrix are provided in individualmoulds.
 49. The method of claim 48, comprising adding the prescribedamount of active to the individual moulds containing the carrier matrixto make IUDs.
 50. The method of claim 49, comprising separatelydepositing the IUDs onto a packaging material.
 51. The method of claim47, wherein combining the carrier matrix with the active comprisesspraying the prescribed amount of active onto each of the multipleunits.
 52. The method of claim 44, wherein the step of manufacturing theIUDs is performed under the supervision of a pharmaceutical compounder.53. The method of claim 44, further including the step of co-packing aplurality of manufactured IUDs, each manufactured IUD based on one ormore prescriptions specific to the individual, for delivery to theindividual.
 54. The method of claim 53, wherein in a package of each ofthe plurality of manufactured IUDs is color-coded to provide medicationinstructions to the individual.
 55. The method of claim 53, wherein ascannable code is printed on the package of each of the plurality ofmanufactured IUDs or on the actual IUD such that a mobile device of theindividual can scan the code to retrieve medication information andinstructions.
 56. The method of claim 55, wherein the scannable code isa QR code.
 57. The method of claim 25, wherein transmitting theinformation to the medical professional comprises using atelecommunication device.
 58. The method of claim 24, wherein themedical prescription includes more than one active to be administered tothe individual in the IUD.
 59. A method for creating one or morepersonalized individual unit doses (IUDs) containing a prescribed amountof active for distribution and administration to an individual, themethod comprising: (a) providing a medical professional with personalhealth information of the individual; (b) prescribing by the medicalprofessional, a medical prescription comprising an amount of active tobe administered to the individual as determined, at least in part, onthe personal health information, the medical prescription comprising atreatment regimen for administering a prescribed amount of the activeper personalized individual unit dose (IUD); (c) electronicallycommunicating at least a part of the medical prescription to amanufacturer of IUDs; (c) manufacturing the IUD using an apparatus formaking personalized IUDs; and (d) distributing the IUDs to theindividual.
 60. The method of claim 59, wherein the apparatus isselected from the group consisting of a film forming assembly, acapsule-filling assembly, a tablet-forming assembly, a tablet-coatingassembly, a blending (mixing) assembly, a powder-forming assembly, agranulating assembly, a spray-drying assembly, an extruder assembly, acompounding assembly, a packaging assembly, a labeling assembly, anembossing assembly, a scoring assembly, a quality control assembly andcombinations thereof.
 61. The method of claim 60, wherein the medicalprofessional is provided with the personal health information via anetworked system.
 62. The method of claim 60, wherein manufacturing theIUD includes one or more of the following steps: 1) providing carriermatrix to one or more of the apparatus; 2) providing the active to oneor more of the apparatus; 3) combining the active and carrier matrix inone or more of the apparatus; 4) forming the IUD from the carrier matrixand the active; 5) packaging the IUD for distribution to the individual.63. A prescription fulfilment system for electronically creating aprescription and filling the prescription by manufacturing personalizedIUDs according to specification of the prescription, the prescriptionfulfilment system comprising: a database management system including aplurality of databases, the plurality of databases configure to storedata necessary for electronically generating the prescription,displaying and managing the prescription and medications prescribedtherein, and delivering the manufactured personalized IUDs; anetwork-enabled control system operatively linked to the databasemanagement system, the network-enabled control system including one ormore processing devices and a plurality of modules configured to beexecuted for electronically generating the prescription, displaying andmanaging the prescription and medications prescribed therein, anddelivering the manufactured personalized IUDs; and a front-endapplication configured to provide a graphical user interface to aplurality of participants of the prescription fulfilment system forelectronically generating the prescription, displaying and managing theprescription and medications prescribed therein, delivering themanufactured personalized IUDs, and communicating and interactingbetween the plurality of participants, wherein the plurality ofparticipants are a patient, a medical professional, an insuranceprovider, and an IUD manufacturer.
 64. The prescription fulfilmentsystem of claim 63, further comprising a biometric measurement moduleconfigured to operatively link to the network-enabled control system andconfigured to interface with the patient.
 65. The prescriptionfulfilment system of claim 64, wherein the biometric measurement moduleis a wearable or non-wearable device.
 66. The prescription fulfilmentsystem of claim 63, where the plurality of database includes an useraccount database, a patient database, a medical information database, aprescription database, an insurance information database, and an alertnotification database.
 67. The prescription fulfilment system of claim66, wherein the plurality of modules includes a biometric measurementprocessing module, a prescription processing module, an insuranceprocessing module, and an alert notification module.
 68. Theprescription fulfilment system of claim 67, wherein the biometricmeasurement processing module is configured to process biometricmeasurement information collected from the patient and to store theprocessed biometric measurement information in the patient database. 69.The prescription fulfilment system of claim 67, wherein the prescriptionprocessing module is configured to process prescription informationprovided by the medical professional and to store the processedprescription information in the prescription database.
 70. Theprescription fulfilment system of claim 67, wherein the insuranceprocessing module is configured to verify an insurance plan of thepatient and determine the coverage of the medications prescribed in theprescription based on the insurance plan of the patient.
 71. Theprescription fulfilment system of claim 67, wherein the alertnotification module is configured to generate various communicativealerts, store the generated alerts in the alert notification database,and transmit the generated alerts to appropriate participants.
 72. Theprescription fulfilment system of claim 63, wherein the manufacturedpersonalized IUDs are deliver directly to the patient by the IUDmanufacturer.
 73. The prescription fulfilment system of claim 63,wherein the front-end application includes a prescription generationpage, a patient page, a patient prescription page, and a prescriptionfulfillment page.
 74. The prescription fulfilment system of claim 73,wherein the prescription generation page, patient page, patientprescription page, and prescription fulfillment page are accessible bythe medical professional, patient, insurance provider, and IUDmanufacturer, respectively.
 75. A method for electronically creating aprescription and filling the prescription by manufacturing personalizedIUDs according to specification of the prescription, using theprescription fulfillment system of claim 63, the method comprising:formulating and creating a prescription based on information and dataprovided by a medical professional; determining, by a patient, whetherto proceed to fill the prescription; alerting an IUD manufacturer toproduce the personalized IUDs based on the specification of theprescription, if the patient decides to proceed to fill theprescription; determining, by an insurance provider, whether the patientis enrolled in an insurance plan offered by the insurance provider;determining coverage of medications prescribed in the prescription basedon the insurance plan of the patient and preparing a preliminary amountreport, if the patient is enrolled in the insurance plan offered by theinsurance provider; and producing, packaging, and delivering, by the IUDmanufacturer, the manufactured personalized IUDs to the patient.
 76. Themethod of claim 75, wherein, the method further comprises, afterformulating and creating the prescription based on the information anddata provided by the medical professional, the step of alerting thepatient to review the prescription.
 77. The method of claim 76, wherein,the method further comprises, the step of alerting the medicalprofessional if the patient decides not to proceed to fill theprescription.
 78. The method of claim 77, wherein, the method furthercomprises, the step of alerting the IUD manufacturer to process aninvoice and send the invoice directly to the patient.
 79. The method ofclaim 78, wherein, the method further comprises, after determining thecoverage of the medications prescribed in the prescription based on theinsurance plan of the patient, the step of alerting the patient that thepreliminary amount report is ready to view.
 80. The method of claim 79,wherein, the method further comprises, after producing, packaging, anddelivering, the manufactured personalized IUDs to the patient, the stepof alerting the patient, medical professional, and insurance providerinforming the delivery of the manufactured personalized IUDs to thepatient.